Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Final Paper Employee Retension Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Paper Employee Retension - Assignment ExampleDundon, et al (2004) assert that employees leaving organization(s) can be very detrimental since the firm loses investment in homework as well as the experience of the employees who has left. Moreover, losing an employee is a loss in terms of productivity and be injected in training, facilitating the employee, and his or her replacement. Firms atomic number 18 therefore obliged to be vigilant on the potential factors that are likely to lead to employees quitting their institutions.According to Sarah (2009), the retention of employees is even more difficult in the nonprofit found organizations. They need to attract as well as retain these talents and skills since without these they are unable to achieve their foreign mission and ultimately vision. Nonprofit organizations are perceived to lose the retention strategy of the staff. The retention process is a continuous process. Firms should emphasis on retaining their staff from th e onset in that the retention strategy begins from when the employees are on board during the recruitment process and throughout the cycle of the employment.However, Zajkowska (2012) explain that employees leave firms for several reasons and this requires employers to pay close-fitting attention to the employees need and device appropriate and effectively retentions mechanisms. Some of the perceived reasons for this problem are the employees covering their jobs as not to their perceived expectation lack of coaching or feedback of their performance lack of prospects for ontogenesis and opportunities for advancement the feeling of their input to the organization being undervalued and not appreciated the need to balance career and work due to stress that emanate from daily work experience remuneration of their services and lack of trust in the individual in the position of leadership or management of the organization.Ruth (2010) elaborates that organizations are in the dilemma on w hether to inject more

Monday, April 29, 2019

Analysis of Articles about Economic Growth Annotated Bibliography

Analysis of Articles about Economic exploitation - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe author showed evidence to support his argument that the recent housing market boom bears more similarities to the stock market bubble of the late 1990s, and may eventually be followed by declining home prices for days to come. All this information helped me understand the real estate market more clearly therefore, I throne deeply analyze the internal connections in both markets. Solomon, S. (1995). The confidence game How Unelected Central Bankers atomic number 18 organisation the changing world prudence. New York Simon and Schuster. The author studied the interaction of the worlds monetary markets by looking at the way Central Bankers in the U.S., Germany, Japan, England, and France coordinate their economic decisions, whether related to interest rates, alter rates or target economic growth and inflation rates. The book showed how the worlds financial markets are connected and controlled by a small group of government officials and economists, which is frightening because people who are not elected are in control, but also somewhat reassuring because it also shows that diametrical countries are helping each other to prevent the global financial crisis from happening. The discussion on the by bubbles, especially the 1987 Black Monday crash in the New York Stock Exchange, and how the market corrected to save itself from a major crisis, are very dramatic and a good learning experience. Tully, S. (2007, September 3). Risk returns with a vengeance. Fortune Magazine, 156 (4), 30-36. This is part of the same issue of Fortune Magazine on the market crash of 2007. This bind is a discussion of the issue of risk, what it is, how it is measured, how banks and lenders try to avoid it, how borrowers regard it or not, and how overconfidence and greed chair in the lowering of the perception of risk by the market. Although a bit cynical, since the author wrote that financial marke ts appear to go from one crisis to another, the article is also very enlightening because it shows how a free market economy makes adjustments that market forces learn to abuse.

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Target audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Target sense of hearing - Essay ExampleOnly the students from gamy initiates, colleges and university of this age group go away be chosen in the first marketing phase within the Los Angeles Area . The private high schools are Loyola superior School, Immaculate Heart High School, Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School, Windward School, Sheenway School, Daniel Murphy High School, Marymount High School, Shalhevet High School and Green Pastures Academy. The public high schools will be John marshall High School, Los Angeles High School, Dorsey High School, Eagle Rock High School, and Belmont High School. The Colleges included in our school visits are Academy Pacific Travel College, Agape ChristianThe Lipton Green Tea (LGT) will be portrayed as having the beneficial wellness ingredients such as the much needed vitamins and minerals and its natural achievement with no preservatives, additives, and food coloring thereby eliminating the possibility of having harmful side effects will be the main theme of the marketing computer program. This marketing strategy to attract a particular target audience will be implemented from January 2006 to June 2006. Free wiz bottle samples will given to the likely youngster.They will then fill up a survey questionnaire to determine their taste comments and other comments and suggestions. Colorful high- impairmentd brochures and flyers will be given to each free sampling student advertising the many health benefits taking the Lipton Green Tea to make them familiar with the products. The LGT will have the same selling price as a Coke product. This means the LGT will have a very optimistic swelling of its marketing strategy to corner a big portion of the beverage consuming market. Coke is one of the favorite thirst quenchers gulped during snacks, breakfast, lunch, dinner and special occasions such as parties, love dates.The next hand of target marketing will be implemented from December to April 2006. The target group is com posed of prospective customers relating to the ages ranging from twenty two to forty five years old that happen to pass by when the marketing function is conducted in shopping malls, bus stands, train and public transport stations within the Los Angeles District. The plan will be to attract beverage fanatics to replace their diabetes promoting beverage needs with the health giving minerals and vitamins put in in LGT drinks. The prospective customers will be given expensive colorful brochures and flyers advertising the many health benefits of replacing their present beverages wants like Coke and Pepsi products with the vitamin and mineral filled LGT extract drink for the same selling price. 2.The communications choiceThis particular marketing strategy will concentrate on personalized or brass instrument to face giving of free LGT Extract drinks to customer ranging from twelve twenty one in schools, colleges and

Saturday, April 27, 2019

The contribution of OSH legislature and standards Essay - 5

The contribution of OSH legislature and standards - Essay ExampleIn Britain, Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 covers all workers except the legislature, hence its weakness. Similarly, in the Canadian OSH legislation and standards as well factors the wellbeing of employees and facilitates the benefits comparable to those entailed in Britain. Thus, there is a high correlation of the OSH Act as procedure in both countries. The management has the significant role to enforce and ensure safe and healthy workings conditions for the employees. The supervising role ensures the sentry duty and wellbeing of the workers by enforcing the stated rules such as dressing and use of protective gear at work among other responsibilities. Thus in conclusion the management entities guard a core responsibility to commit and foster Occupational Safety and Health. The two systems, Britain and Canada are genuinely efficient in facilitating occupational safety and healthy wellbeing of the worker s. The working place dynamics are a core concern indoors the structures of employment an element that requires the employees to have the plan to address work-related safety issues. Consequently, due to the need to have a clearly outlined regulatory draw near to the dynamics of the rights of workers within the workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act is a core formulation established in the family 1970, to guarantee the course of promoting the security and human rights of the workers within the job (Alli& International Labour Office, 2008). The observed universe of discourse of many hazards that are harmful to the well-being of the people as they work mandated the institution of legislative approach and programs that guide the treatment of the employees as the engage in work. The OSH Act is a formulation of the European countries that realise the need to institute this fundamental body of regulations to ensure the well-being of the employees.

Friday, April 26, 2019

Gateway Engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Gateway Engineering - Assignment ExampleTo do so, managers ar required to understand the persona of each organizational member in the organization, their individual characteristics and personality differences. As part of their efforts to understand the doings of people, managers must keep true important aspects under consideration. nigh such aspects that are to be unplowed in mind before trying to understand about the members of the organization are individual differences, the importance of personal dignity, multiplicity of roles and considering the person as a livelong. Let us now look at these aspects at a slightly broader perspective.Individual Differences - Though several common traits can be sight among human beings, each person is individu altogethery different from the otherwise. Most people feel excited when they strain something and are grieved by the loss of a loved one. However, within these broad similarities, each person differs from other in a million ways. In dividual differences originate from differences in their psychology. Psychological differences and experiences in the past groom each per respond differently to different situations. Thus, there is no average person. However in nigh enterprises, the assumptions that people are alike forms the basis on which rules and regulations, procedures, job descriptions, safety standards, job schedules and the like are developed. 1 (ICMR, 2003)It is the responsibility of the managers to understand the complexity and individuality of people before applying the principles of motivation, leadership, and communication. Though it is difficult to satisfy all the needs of an employee, managers should have considerable latitude to make individual arrangements to ensure that jobs are so designate that they suit a particular person in a specific situation.To highlight the indifference certain managers can have, the manager of the Marketing Department would serve the classical purpose with a kind of kn ow all positioning when it comes to recruiting people. This can be all the way identified from the case study. Another issue to be highlighted with respect to the similar department is that, it is alter the maximum amount of attrition rate to the organization on a whole and specifically astonishingly high contribution to female employee attrition. As Dr. Suresh Arckatty in his famous book I CAN says - pile join the company and leave the boss, does this point to work style issues with the marketing manager Female attrition, as mentioned above, is astonishingly high. This is clearly evident if the following figures are noticed. The data tables mentioned in the case study clearly depict that, female attrition is almost 21.42% in the marketing department which in turn is contributing to 18.64% of female attrition across the organization. Surprisingly, the female attrition of 18.64% clearly is an indicator of an organizational culture and behavior issue. 3 (ICMR, 2003)Going ahead, let us try and understand what these culture and behavior in an organization mean. In recent years, research has proved that culture has a tremendous impact on management practices. Some researchers examined the impact of the internal culture i.e., the corporate culture of the organizations, while others examined the

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Unit 3 Discussion 2 Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 3 Discussion 2 - Annotated Bibliography ExampleGray, S. (2012). A Study of Negotiation styles in the midst of business line managers from UK and Indian cultural backgrounds. Dissertation paper presented to University of Wolverhampton Business School. West Midlands. https//publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/48611/Culture%20Dissertation%20by%20Sasha%20Gray.pdf? age=1The above research paper researches aims at developing an in depth understanding of the culture led differences in business negotiation styles in India and UK. The paper begins by defining culture to attain an understanding of its implication to different areas of life including business. Data analyzed in the paper shows that there is a significant difference in how business people in India and UK want to be treated and hence it is important to understand these differences for effective negotiation. The paper generally recommends a more conservative form of business negotiation style in India than in th e UK.The above book of account by Kumar and Worm seeks to advice people who set apart to venture in emerging economies such as India and China on how to effectively negotiate in these two cultures. The book offers extensive coverage of the culture differences between the West and these two Asian frugal giants. The book recommends that business negotiators must appreciate the culture differences in these countries and their home countries in order to watch in business.The conduct of diplomacy in the 21st century has been affected by new forms of challenges that face-lift from globalization and interdependence among nations. Diplomacy has gotten intensive, volatile, plural-directional and multifaceted. This is as a result of the large numbers of objectives, ways of communication, dialogues subjects and the heightened complexness in terms of factors. Having been written by a Foreign Service expert and leading scholar, this book analyses all these factors

Kmart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kmart - Case Study voiceBy bringing down its operational costs an organization smoke offer its products and services at let looseer prices. It can also earn higher profits because either the profit margins are great or the sales volume has increased. Thus an organization which follows an overall lower cost strategy can gain an edge over its competitors. Cost leadership strategy works well for the company in the event of a price war in the industry. (Kotler, 2006) Another strategy followed by Wal-Mart was preeminence contract strategy. Underneath this strategy, Wal-Mart introduced its stores in rural and suburban areas. (Wheelen& Hunger, 2008) By utilizing differentiation focus strategy a unshakable differentiates its products from that of its competitors based on some attributes that allow the consumers to perceive the products as different from its competitors. A firm looks for differentiation in a special segmented target market.Target and Kohls followed differentiation st rategy. Target and Kohls applied value proposition in which these companies communicated the benefits they can deliver to the customers. Target flourished well because it provided products at low prices with high quality catering to youth in urban areas. (Wheelen& Hunger, 2008)2. The amalgamation of twain lower cost strategy and differentiation focus strategy were most effective. This can be exemplified by Wal-Mart that utilized both and became the leading story in the retail sector. The lower price of Wal-Mart creates a barrier for the new entrants as these new entrants cannot break through the cost advantage of the leader. The Wal-Marts differentiation focus allowed it to concentrate on the particular needs of a segmented market more efficiently as compared to its competitors. (Wheelen& Hunger, 2008)Lower Cost schema In the presence of leaders like Wal-Mart and Target, Kmart has little alternatives in making pricing strategy to refer up with these leaders.

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law and ethics - test ExampleThere are instances when the paramedics are faced with extreme pressure, especially when there are patients who decline to be treated and withhold their consent. This is the exact situation in the case at bar, where the patient manual laborer refuses any medical treatment and does not want to be taken to the hospital. Hence, the paramedic attending to diddly-shit should be able to practice the doctrine of necessity. The Medical Treatment Act of 1988 provides a provision for the competent adult to refuse medical treatment even if the refusal may place their life at risk (Steer, 2007). In the case of Malette V. Shulman, 1991 2 Med LR 162, Donnelly J., pointed out that the right to refuse treatment was an inherent part of the supremacy of the patients right over his own body notpremised on the risks of refusal. He further where a competent adult rejects and medical treatment, the courts cannot be dictated by its view of what would be in the exceedinter ests of the patient, but must look to the validity of the refusal interms of the capacity of the patient to give such refusal and to determine whether itmust be respected.

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Persuasive research paper-- quit smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuasive research paper-- surrender smoking - Essay Example treacherous smoking very is, the other day I sawing machine a video of a man who was coughing incessantly and I saw him bleed and this really scared me to an unprecedented extent.I am completely motivated and geared up to stop smoking, I remember I smoked for the very front period when I was young and I knew aught about the damage which smoking could cause, I got to know about the damage only later on and I shake up been trying hard to quit but the temptation always lingers on and it is sooner hard to stop it but this time around I am going to do it and I have already been quite successful.I do not even remember the last time that I smoked and this I think is really a big achievement for me and I am going to carry on and completely stop it because I have realized that it is really dangerous and can cause lung cancer, I have already seen enough pain and suffering in those videos. Those videos have been really useful and have motivated me to quit.Chewing gum has also helped me a ton, whenever I chance the urge to smoke I start chewing and this has been of great help to me, the urge to smoke goes apart as soon as I pop it into my mouth and the urge to smoke instantly goes away.Nicotine substitute therapies work by giving you a small amount of nicotine, but without the dangerous effects of inhaling tobacco plant smoke. This helps relieve the withdrawal symptoms and cravings for a cigarette that you get when you stop smoking, and allows you to get on with breaking the psychological habit of smoking. If you are physically addicted to nicotine, using NRT has been shown to almost double your chances of successfully quitting smoking. (Nicorette Gum)This idea was first suggested to me by a good friend and I tried it and it works like a magical spell for me, the first time I tried it and I was very happy with the results and I knew this was going to keep back me, I have bought several gums to help me quit.These are a couple of ideas that have really helped me, gibe in life is really

Monday, April 22, 2019

Question 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Question 3 - Assignment ExampleThe aim of this research is to review and critically evaluate secondary sources for insights into discrimination in organizational hiring practices. The following objectives result mark the scope of this employmentThis study entrust evaluate alpha elements and features of conducting literature reviews. To this end, the paper will examine some important secondary sources and how they work together with new(prenominal) aspects of research in articulate to define a core and a key concept. The process will involve amongst other things, the critique of literature and how these forms of literature work together to help in misgiving theories and making inputs into various ideas and concepts.The analysis of the literature review will involve the critical assessment and evaluation of core concepts from recent scholarly articles. This will include peer-reviewed articles that were published over the past five years. This will involve the assessment of insi ghts on discrimination in the workplace and how efforts have been made to deal with it. From thence, the study will propound a theory on how to develop human resource management theories and strategies for cut down discrimination in organizations.A literature review is a systematic review of scholarly sources and alike materials in order to identify important concepts and theories that are integrated into a given study (Rocco & Hatcher, 2011). A literature review is concerned with the analysis of critical points of current knowledge and substantive findings in order to draw a theoretical and methodological structure for the conduct of a given research or study (Collins, Onwuegbuzie, & Jiao, 2010). This therefore gives the framework for explaining and drawing the parameters of a given research.Concerning this study, there is the need to draw the condition and framework for concepts like organizational hiring practices, discrimination practices and other elements and aspects of con structively dealing with the situation and

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Levi Strauss Signature Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Levi Strauss Signature - Case Study interpreterLevis mailmark is not as elastic as he put it because it has only been targeting a certain group in the market, for example, it could not design women jeans and younger people. The elasticity is low and this has overstretched the name of the brand with the introduction of the signature line (Levis Strauss & Co, 2011).4. Develop the brand schema that you think existed for the overall Levis brand in front and after the introduction of the Signature line (i.e., an associative network map of links and nodes). What are the merchandise implications of the differences?The Levis Eco is a new product launched in 2006 and the difference with the rest is that it is made of organic cotton fiber and sells at 30-68 dollars. The six environmental activism segments attracted to this type of jeans would be women in blue collar jobs, young children beneath 10 years, men aged above 55,I do not think that Levis Eco helps the brand with younger custom ers because young people do not prefer organic cotton clothes. They also looking at that they are too warm for their bodies and are for old people.I think that Levis Strauss Signature may survive in the market as it is of a lower priced and designed in a guidance that taps the mass market. The Signature line also has styles for the entire family. The other advantage is selling at mass merchandisers, for example, in Wal-Mart where most people shop, therefore, easier access.

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Medical Prescription for a Diabetic Patient in Prison, Educating Essay - 1

Medical Prescription for a diabetic Patient in Prison, Educating Doctors - Essay ExampleThis study examines how eating habits, balanced diets, age, beta-blocker medication, stress, body mass index, kitchen shop lists and women to see if there is a connection. There was an observation on their food intake and eating habits, measure was done on weight, physical activity, stress levels and sleeping cycle. This paper presents a case study of a 59-year-old prison patient who is type 2 diabetes under the prescription of a drug called 500 mg, which he is to take two tablets two times every day. The old man suffers from no other medical problems, not to mention that he is not allergic to any type of medication. In order to undertake the correct clinical management plan, it is fundamental to lay-out the history of the patient. For the last three years, the 59 old has suffered from diabetes. With watch to the prescriptions and measured to mitigate the condition, the patient has had a healthy diet. However, being in prison environment has left(a) the patient to struggle so as to maintain a healthy diet, not to mention of pitiful access to other healthier options. Therefore, this paper undertakes an extensive and intensive clinical management plan for the patient, in an effort to study and come up with results as to whether the prescriptions of Gliclazide 80mg twice daily in glycaemic control is succeed with the metformin. Treatment should harmonize with the causative agent. Diagnosis requires elevated clinical examination together with a uninterrupted examination, microbial analyses, and radiographic examination. Diagnosis calls for the use of several procedures such as Clinical, sugar, and microbiological diagnosis. Prevention should be the strain of clinicians. The act of elimination or minimizing the incidence of diabetes to a level below threshold gets highly fundamental (Niederman, 2006). Each of the diagnostic procedures has its advantages and disadvantages. The viability of the procedures requires gold standards for the analysis of diabetes. The microbiological method has yielded a good result when compared with other methods.

Friday, April 19, 2019

The level of the different agencies in the administrative structure of Term Paper

The level of the different agencies in the administrative twist of the Federal Government - Term Paper ExampleThe United States of America has different categories of agencies which ease the summons of the federal government given the nations size and population. each(prenominal) of the agencies has its own by-line of operation which makes a satisfying contribution the government duties. It excessively provides support to the department of defense under which it is formed. The US Bureau of region steering is an executive department post found within the Department of The inside(prenominal). This authority is responsible for administering creation lands in the United States of America. It has an office of law enforcement and security which is in like manner a Federal Law enforcement agency in the federal government of the United States. The Environmental Protection Agency of the United States is an independent agency of federal government. This agency is responsible for p rotecting both the environs and human health. It does this through writing and also enforcing regulations derived from the laws made by the US congress. The United States privy(p) Service Agency is an executive agency. It is also a law enforcement agency which is found in the department of Homeland Security of the United States as suggested by Gaines (2001). annexation Sub committals Responsible for Jurisdiction over Each Agencys Budget Request The Appropriation subcommittees usually work off the budget request of the administration and the previous years bills expenses succession including any of the upcoming congress priorities. There are twelve appropriation subcommittees each comprising of twelve members. ... Each year it is the mandate of the congress to pass appropriation bills for water and energy development. This budget incorporates funding, studies maintenance and the plait of particular projects. The House Interior and Environment Appropriations subcommittee is respon sible for the budget request of the bureau of Land Management as suggested by Congress (2003). The Interior and Environment appropriations Committee has jurisdiction over the Environment tax shelter agency of the us regarding the age n cys budget request. The Interior and Environment appropriation committee is under the chairmanship of Mike Simpson. The committee constantly criticizes the agencys budget to ensure that it is in line with planned projects. It hand les issue such as handling interior bills as it is one of the elusive bills the congress needs to pass. The native land and security appropriations committee is responsible for jurisdiction over United States Secret Service agencys budget request. The committee is also responsible for other agencies related to homeland d security such as transport security administration, United States coast guard among others. It is also responsible for fun ding state and other local preparedness efforts. The budget from the subcommittee s usually forms virtually twelve percent deduction of the Presidents budget proposal. The homeland security appropriation subcommittee is presently chaired by Mary Landieu who is a democrat from Louisiana. The Environment Protection agency is also under Interior and Environment appropriation committee chaired by Mike Simpson. The subcommittee here approves annual spending bills of he environment al protection agency.

Does the highschool disploma guarantee sucess in math corses in Research Paper

Does the spirited rail disploma guarantee sucess in mathematics corses in college - Research Paper ExampleStudents who may have not performed as required in high school occupy to pursue developmental courses to boost their high school diploma so as to be able to gain entry to college courses. Primarily, developmental courses have been developed to enhance sure skills among students before being accepted to do math courses in college. Policymakers and faculties of higher education recognize that thither is inadequate preparation for students in high schools, thus fails to meet the demands of college courses. Moreover, success of higher education among students is hooked on adequate performance of students in high school diploma. Nevertheless, diverse nature of college courses with regards to their academic demands and expectations contributes mostly to lack of understanding among high school diploma graduates (Chinwah 1).Studies have carefully analyzed geometry, statistics, data abridgment and algebra skills required for success in math courses in college. Comparisons have been made with the skills needed for training in job opportunities that pass wages and salaries that are sufficient for survival of families of at least four. Math skills gained from high school diploma is considered a necessity for average and good living standards among human beings, since many occupations that offer the so-called sufficient salary require high school diploma as the necessity skills. Therefore, governments need to put in place policies that ensure all high school graduates attain particular skills prerequisite for higher education success. Policies have been enacted with regards to the clear understanding that math courses are very important for college courses (Heather, Rose, Betts and Julian 7).Most students are proved to having undertaken all the required courses they need to get a high school diploma without being fully qualified for success in math courses in c ollege. High school

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Epicurean Hedonism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epicurean Hedonism - Essay ExampleIt is this emphasis on unadulterated pleasure that has created a ruckus, but which is unfounded as get out be shown.According to Epicurus, Pleasure is our first and kindred good. It is the beginning -point of every choice and of every aversion, and to it we come back, inasmuch as we make feeling the rule by which to arbiter of every good thing (Qtd. from Cook). 1 He believes that the essential truth of this statement is so obvious, that it renders struggle and reasoning unnecessary. It is his belief that we are born with an intimate knowledge of the fact that pleasure is good and unhinge evil it is the skepticism which is an inevitable accompaniment of the ageing process that makes the truth so elusive for adults. heretofore the pursuit of pleasure must be governed by temperance. A glutting of the senses with sensual delights can cause trouble oneself in the long run therefore careful judgment must be exercised in set out to derive the maxim um pleasure that life has to offer.The fulfillment of desire is closely linked to gaining pleasure and Epicurus has a word of caution on the subject. There is pleasure in the satisfaction of desire, but more oftentimes than not this is short-lived as more desires take the place of the one that has been fulfilled and soon unfading desire takes the form of an insatiable monster, which is hardly conducive to pleasure. Thus an effort must be do to curb desire this is done by settling for the bare necessities and resisting the temptation to over-indulge oneself. Epicurus distinguishes between desires where rough are natural, others are groundless and that of the natural some are necessary as well as natural, and some natural only (Qtd. from Cook).2 Epicurus sets much store by wisdom, as it is ignorance which is responsible for a lack of perceptiveness between good and evil that is the cause of so much misery and turmoil. Wisdom is the wellspring from which the virtues of prudence, bravery and justice spring forth. The inherent values of these virtues are largely irrelelevant as the only purpose they shell out is towards achieving happiness. Cicero puts this most succinctly, we aim at these virtues in order to live without fretfulness and upkeep and so off the beaten track(predicate) as possible to be free from pain of mind and body(Qtd.from Cook).3 Epicurean philosophy is immensely valuable to the present day insofar as his arguments go towards overcoming the unreasonable yet prevalent fear of last. With death there is a cessation of sensation, therefore since it involves neither pain nor pleasure, it never has and never will pose a threat to the living. An understanding of this premise goes a long way in removing anxiety which throws an unpleasant pall over the future. Death according to Epicurus is nothing to us, seeing that, when we are, death is not come, and, when death is come, we are not (Qtd. from Cook). 4Distinguishing Epicurean Hedonism from Cy renaicism Much of the notoriousness surrounding Epicurean hedonism and the stigma of moral licentiousness, addicted to it, when it fact it is rather a model of asceticism, stems from its doctrines often being confused with Cyrenaicism. Aristippus was the founder

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Global Enterprise and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global opening and Innovation - Essay ExampleThe world has witnessed major changes in the global marketplace since the 1980s (Chai 1998). easiness of capital markets and world trade encouraged by globalisation has produced a new competitive land for all businesses. With the development towards more interdependence among countries, a number of adjustments in the business setting beat appeared. There has been an appearance of international markets for financial investment, labour, products, and services. The demands of consumers all over the world have met. Growing easiness of trade and investment promoted by developments in communication and transportation technologies has led to even more global business transactions. These developments have resulted in two major impacts of globalisation, namely, (1) global market opportunities, and (2) global market threats. It is subject that the process of globalisation not just provides more opportunities to business organisations, but gre ater degree of threats as well. Although opportunities can be fixd by globalisation, instability and competition are unavoidable. Even though largely cited in earlier literature, studies connecting these influences to business performance remain limited. This requires more research on the relationships between globalisation and plastered performance. These two areas will be discussed in relation to international business activities in China. The Impact of wakeless and Political Environment of China on Business Activities Because frugal change started in 1978, the Chinese disposal has intentionally initiated commercial and legal reforms in order to exploit the economic interest of China, both topically and internationally (Guthrie 2008). Loosening of regulations on foreign direct investment (FDI), changing State ownership and economic liberalisation in general are just practical instruments. The government views the free market as a way to achieve its goals, not as an ideologica l tool (Wei & Xiaming 2001). The policies will transform whenever it is believed that it is chief(prenominal) to do so. The Chinese government is acting in harmony with Confucianism laissez-faire capitalism is applied to create wealth (Wei & Xiaming 2001), but it is the states duty to make sure that the produced wealth is spent for the most(prenominal) needed goals. New policies on FDI are proclaimed almost every year and smaller restrictive reforms more frequently than that. The 1990s also witnessed the start of a development towards power devolution to topical anaesthetic and regional governments (Xiaojuan 2003). Hence, one of the most important rules of dealing with the Chinese government is to acknowledge that various departments at various levels could have the right to meddle with business activities. And, they could each be operating towards completely pellucid objectives. The Chinese government has major powers. It can turn down future projects, and it can remove permit s from accredited ones. In 1996, on a single day, the Tianjin government remove permits for numerous joint ventures, because of conflicts between partners and/or problem with productivity (Ambler & Witzel 2003). Government also has major influence. As different from power, this implies that the Chinese gover

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Corporal Punishment Essay Example for Free

embodied Punishment EssayFor hundreds of years, it has been customary for a nestling to uplift a spank or slap as a form of discipline, one that parents of whole cultures incur used. Corporal penalty of a child by a parent or teacher has been levelheaded in Canada since 1892, though 51% of Canadians believe that the use of corporal penalisation does non reflect the location of Canadas majority (Barnett). In recent years, corporal punishment has had more investigation, showing that, corporal punishment by its nature faeces escalate into carnal maltreatment (Gershoff and Larzelere). Child abuse can be defined as Physical, sexual, or turned on(p) ill treatment or neglect of a child especially by those responsible for its welfare (dictionary.com).Child abuse researchers suggest that physical punishment increases a childs chance of developing a psychological illness, incites antisocial behaviour, and stunts intellectual growth. The mental effects of corporal punishment directly influence to a childs mental and emotional stability. Corporal punishment is permanently damaging to a childs development, and should be considered child abuse. Corporal punishment increases a childs chance of developing a debilitating mental illness, specifically those caused by internalising problems, such as depression and anxiety (Smith). By use Ivan Pavlovs theory of intimate Reflexology, it can be deduced that the high anxiety levels of children who have been routinely punished by a physical means is caused by the expectation of being stricken.It was found that the speech pattern of corporal punishment shows up as an increase in post-traumatic stress symptoms such as being fearful that terrible things are just about to happen and being easily startled(ScienceDaily). Physical punishment produces a large amount of stress and olf legal actionings of hopelessness in a child, leading many adults who were corporally punished in childhood to develop anxiety-related mental illnesses. According to Strauss (1999), mental health problems are associated with physical punishment due to their being an outcome of the curtailment of childhood anger associated with being hit by adults who children depend on for love and nurturance(Smith).The main persona of a guardian in a young childs life is to protect and suffer for the youth and, through corporal punishment, the child-parent alliance is damaged, producing children with antisocial tendencies. By using corporal punishment as a means of discipline, a child learns to distrust parents or other guardians, resulting in antisocial behaviour. When an adult the child trusts implements corporal punishment as a means of discipline, feelings of hostility and betrayal develop. This hostility is a result of the duplicity of a parents role to protect the child, causing many children to feel as though their parents and others dislike them.Said an adult who had been physically punished for delinquent behaviour as a child, My parents were very strictI was basically very good and I was hit muchIt made me go out and do the same thing again, what Id been smacked for. The message I got from them when they hit me was not what youre doing is bad, slangt do it again. The message I got was we dont love you.(Smith). When rule-enforcing figures disappear, delinquent behaviour emerges, suggesting, that parental corporal punishment erodes the parentchild relationship and in turn decreases childrens motivation to internalize parents values and those of the society, which in turn results in mortified self-control (Hirschi, 1969) (Gershoff). Corporal punishment does not stimulate reasoning skills in a child, resulting in low-self control, as mentioned, and thus a shorter span of cognitive ability.Intellectual development begins when children are very young, and by using corporal punishment as a means of instruction, a childs intellectual development is permanently damaged. A child that is spanked in the first grade is proven to score 5 IQ points lower than a child that was not spanked at all (Talawar, Carlson, and et al). Studies show that children in a school that uses corporal punishment performed significantly worse in tasks involving executive military operation psychological processes such as planning, abstract thinking, and delaying gratification than those in a school relying on milder disciplinary measures (Talawar, Carlson, and et al ).Executive functioning tasks require self-control, a skill that children who have been disciplined physically, as opposed to with reasoning and explanation, do not have. Thus, poorer cognitive outcomes may result if parents who physically punish their children make less use of inductive methods of discipline, such as explanation and reasoning- procedures that are likely to enhance cognitive growth (Smith). By contemplating the effect of an action and the whether or not the action is appropriate, children exercise executive functioning p rocesses, which will give a child the skills to contemplate problems of academic or real-world nature. Corporal punishment has a permanent, negative effect on a childs future mental stability, sociability, and intellectual potential.The Canadian Human Rights Act says that, the prohibited ground of discrimination are race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability and conviction for which a pardon has been granted( RSC 1985, c H-6). The continuation of corporal punishment in modern society, encourages a hitch of children as less worthy of protection and respect for their bodily integrity based on outdated notions of their inferior personhood (Barnett).51% of Canadians do not feel that the physical punishment of a child is just or just (Barnett), and believe that it should not be used as a parenting technique. Corporal punishments damaging effect on a childs psychological well-being, both in child and adult hood, proves that it is a form of abuse. There are alternative parenting techniques that are proven to produce unwrap results, and encourage the progress of a childs development. Children are one third of our population and all of our future,(quotegarden.com). Should the future not have the right to the same amount of protection as their predecessors?Works CitedBarnett, Laura. Parlaiment of Canada. integrity and Government Division. The Spanking Law Section 43 of the Criminal Code. Ottawa , 2008. Web. . Children who are Spanked Have inflict IQs, New Research Finds. ScienceDaily. 24 Sep 2009 n. page. Web. 23 Jan. 2012. . Gershoff, Elizabeth. Corporal Punishment by Parents and Associated Child Behaviors and Experiences A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review. endcorporalpunishment.org. American Psychological Association, 2002. Web. 21 Jan 2012. . Gershoff, Elizabeth, and Robert Larzelere. Is Corporal Punishment an Effective Means ofDiscipline?. American Psychological Association 26 06 2002. n.pag. American Psychological Association. Web. 23 Jan 2012.

Monday, April 15, 2019

A management meeting Essay Example for Free

A management meeting renderLocate and book room/s with suitability for the meeting (teleconference facilities, IT equipment etc). Ide in ally, 1 large room with 3 smaller meeting rooms for the assemblage activities later in the daylight. Seating would need to be put as there will be people on teleconference, they will need to hear allthing existence said in the meeting. 2. Send out meeting invites to all attendees. This would list the venue, date and time, speaker, contact details. An docket of the meeting would be the best way to send out these details as it lists all that study and lets attendees knows how the meeting will be run. 3. Any travel/accommodation for interstate attendees would need to be arranged. similarly the same for the guest speaker (if needed). Transfers to and from the airport would be advis commensurate. 4. They would need to ensure if there are any special requirements for the attendees (dietary, mobility, language etc.) and make special arrangem ents if anything is required Vegetarian food, wheel chair access, interpreter etc. 5. set up IT equipment to be made available for presentation. This could be each through your company if they have the available resources. If not, they whitethorn be available already in the meeting rooms you have booked or you could us a 3rd party.6. Lunch will need to be ordered. Again this may be able to be arranged with the meeting rooms you have booked or you can organize a local caterer. At the same time you could organize refreshments for afterwardsnoon tea (and morning tea if required). 7. condition all stationary available and if not it will need to be ordered. This could excessively be for group training later in the day. Butcher paper, whiteboards etc. could all be used if its a brainstorming session. 8. Name tags could be nonionised if managers do not know each other and also may help the presenter for the group meetings. 9. On the day of meeting, all IT equipment should be tested preliminary to the meeting taking place. Room should be set up according to needs and re-arranged if its not correct. 10. A chairperson would need to be selected to run the meeting. The chief executive byicer will be the chairperson for this meeting. As the chairperson, they would need to ensure the meeting runs on time, stays on topic and stick to the agenda.11. The chairperson (the chief executive officer in this case) would need to select a minute taker this could be a PA or individual else from the company. It would be helpful if they have taken proceedings before or at least are capable of recording a high level of detail at a high pace. They could either take 12. minutes in short form at the meeting and expand on it after or type flat to a PC in the meeting and print out directly after the meeting to be review. 12. Prior to the meeting, the CEO and selected minute taker would need to sit down and discuss what will be spoken about in the meeting, the order of events and just a brief overview of all the key points that will need to be recorded. This way the minute taker knows what they should be focusing on when qualification notes.13. Once the meeting is finalized the minutes of the meeting will need to be read through and expand into a format that can be distributed to all attendees and anyone who may benefit from them. It would be best for the CEO and the minute taker to go through these soon after the meeting to ensure the notes are correct and no key points or discussion points are left off. Once they have had a chance to go through the notes the minute taker can put into a format which the company uses and can then guess at distributing via email, fax or mail. This is also best to be done as soon as they can so it is fresh in everyones mind. The minutes from this meeting (and others) should be stored electronically so they can be referenced to in future meetings if needed.14. All the bookings/arrangements need to be checked off to ensure t hey are still booked/on time and that no problems are going to summon. This could be done by either the CEOs PA or generally it would be organized and checked by the Marketing department for the company as they deal with these things on a day to day basis. They would need to call the caterers, travel agents, taxi companies, audio visual people and meeting rapidity to ensure everything is ok this needs to be done around 2 days before. Any in the first place and there could be problems between when you call and the actual function any later and if any problems arise it could be too late to make alternative arrangements. 15. From the minutes of the meeting, reports may need to be created to be handed out to relevant employees of the firm. These may have the same details as what is in the minutes but in a more condensed format. It may also accept graphs if figures/dates were mentioned and tables to make it easier to understand. They could also include any tasks that havebeen assig ned so people know who needs to be followed up.

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Key Causes of Water Scarcity and Researched Solutions Essay Example for Free

Key Ca employments of Water Scarcity and Researched Solutions Essay1.0Introduction This taradiddle is about the increase in requisite for urine, and its purpose is a twofold, firstly to examine and explore nigh of the causes of the ever increasing issue of the scarcity of pee due to industrial, agricultural and consumer pick up in society, and second to analyse the solutions of this concern for the Premier of Western Australia, Mr Colin Barnett. This is because wet is a valuable resource that is vital for the human race and developing countries such as Australia will be facing an increase in interior(prenominal) consumption of irrigate by 70 percent in the future (Cashman and Ashley 2008). There were certain limitations environ this report, for example the word limit for this report was 1000 words and I was permitted to use a nominal of five scholarly sources and a maximum of seven. The methodology of my research began by using the database proquest on the Internet, where I found these reliable sources.2.0Causes of Demand for Water 2.1Industrial Demand Industrial Water Consumption Industries be bingle of the major key causes of the increase postulate for irrigate. Many industries require water to ope dictate and perform the functions that ar required to produce the goods or services in question. This is because industries such as oil and mining, are hugely dependable on extreme capacities of water thus, making them susceptible to water shortages (Holbrook 2009). Industries therefore depend on these large amounts of water for production and simultaneously are one of the essential instigators in the ever-increasing problem of water scarcity.In places such as New South Wales, Adelaide and Melbourne where mining operations are carried out, water scarcity is even more extreme. This is because of the material that is being extracted they are mined in those areas and those areas alone, and therefore the large the great unwashed of water that is needed to extract them is adding to the concern of water scarcity. An estimate of water between 100 and 8000 litres are required to obtain one tonne of ore, and to worsen the situation, mining operations fuckingnot be shifted causing water availability to be problematic in those areas (Holbrook 2009). This issue allows an increased strain on the local communities in which mining operations are performed thus causing a concern for the people living in those areas.2.2Agricultural Demand Population Growth The demand for horticulture is one of the most excessive causes of water scarcity. This is because agriculture needs fresh water in the process of its production. Agriculture consumes the majority of global fresh water, making it one of the most enormous water sources of the increased water demand the production of food is besides rising due to population growth, of about 80 million people per year (Holbrook 2009). According to Irvine and Saulwick (2009), Australia is self-poss essed to be the worlds fastest growing industrialized nation over the next four decades, with a rate of population growth higher even than India. Thus with population increasing by a broad number every year, the demand for fresh water will additionally increase, therefore adding to the water scarcity in Australia.2.3Consumer Demand Economic Growth The development of the economy is another cause of the increased demand for water in the world today. As the population grows, so does the demand for goods and services and therefore passs in economic growth which is one of the major causes of water consumption. According to Barbier (2004), the extensive water dilemma is the result of economic development and the rise in population. The production of the increased demand for goods and services require water, and as the need for these goods increase, so will water demand.3.0Solutions to Water Scarcity 3.1Watershed Improvement in water vigilance is one way to reduce water demand. Water se ctors that cross political boundaries amidst a certain catchment basin come together to meet their needs whilst protecting the ecosystem (Klausner, Mitten and Ingram 2007).3.2Conservation Techniques In order to protect the earth, freshwater demand has to be decreased and by doing so the majority of freshwater users need to be active in the process of decreasing the chances of water shortages. Therefore by educating users about adequate water preservation techniques, water demand can be decreased. According to Klausner, Mitten and Ingram (2007), by educating farmers about the finest irrigation methods, they can have the opportunity to use water efficiently. Farmers use a vast majority of freshwater and the Australian farmers can be meliorate about the methods and capital required to conserve water.3.3Recl rateed Water Reclaimed water is wastewater that has been treated to strike impurities. The substitution of this water can improve the issue of water scarcity. According to Klaus ner, Mitten and Ingram (2007), countries such as lacquer use almost 80% of reclaimed water in their industrial sector. The limited amount of freshwater supplies makes this conservation method more accepted. It is an excellent idea, especially for the south of Australia where there is Mawson Lake and can recycle water.4.0Conclusion The aim of this report was to outline the causes for the increased demand for water and to provide researched solutions. I provided information on the increased demand for water due to population growth, economic growth and the industrial consumption of water. The damages of water shortage are very dangerous and the consequences are deadly because of ecological and human health issues. Although demand can be reduced by the use of reclaimed water, conservation techniques and river basin methods. In Australia, the methods can be implemented to decreasing water demand for the future.5.0Recommendations In order to improve water use in Australia, the factors t hat need to be considered are water reuse by using reclaimed water to flush toilets, wash clothes and water gardens, educating farmers on water use, by informing them on irrigation techniques and watershed methods. In doing so, water demand in Australia will be reduced in the future if these methods are explored and practiced.

Saturday, April 13, 2019

Assignment on Business Strategy Essay Example for Free

Assignment on patronage Strategy EssayAssignment on line of crop Strategy 1 . Evaluate a order of your choices boot description in the light of the 3 components of any Mission Statement. Also use the Abel textile to tax the business definition that this mission statement drives. Ans. ) While a business must continually adapt to its competitive environment, there atomic number 18 certain core ideals that remain relatively steady and give ups steerage in the process of strategic decision making. These unchanging ideals from the business vision and ar expresses in the fri cobblers lastship mission statement. The mission statement communicates the firms core deology and visionary goals, generally consisting of the following three components a. Core measure out to which the firm is committed b. Core purpose of the firm c. Visionary goals the firm will pursue The firms core values and purpose constitutes its core ideology and remain relatively constant. They ar independ ent of industry construction and the product life cycle. The core ideology is non created in the mission statement rather, the mission statement is simply an expression of what already exists.The specific phrasing of the ideology may change with the times, and the primal ideology remains constant. Here is the Coca-Cola Companys mission statement for Stakeholders which is published in Jeffrey Abrahams new book, 101 Mission Statements From Top Companies . The Coca-Cola Promise The Coca-Cola Company exists to benefit and refresh e veryone it touches. The basic proposition of our business is simple, solid, and timeless. When we bring refreshment, value, exult and fun to our stakeholders, then we successfully nurture and protect our brands, particularly Coca-Cola.That is the key to fulfilling our ultimate obligation to provide consistently photogenic returns to the testifyers of our business. The audience for this mission is specifically for the stakeholder. The values here be st ated explicitly refreshment, value, Joy, fun, and attractive returns. These words were obviously carefully chosen by those who crafted this mission statement. The ultimate obligation of attractive returns is a powerful way to state the beau mondes vision and keeps the values stated in context.A break open mission statement is published on The Coca-Cola Companys website for access by the general public Everything we do is shake up by our enduring mission * To Refresh the World in body, mind, and spirit. * To Inspire Moments of Optimism hrough our brands and our actions. * To Create Value and deal a Difference everywhere we engage. These values are consistent with the stakeholder version of the mission refreshment and value are echoed in addition to inspiration. 2.What does a Business mold intend to achieve, and how? Evaluate any come with of your choices Business specimen in the light of the same. Ans. ) Business Models are simulations of actual business functioning. They act as ideal real life examples, and help participants actively discuss the pros and cons of the situation given. A business Model gives a Full Account of any particular Business Scenario. One has to SWOT analyze the Business Model based on different how it makes money or delivers value, and what it does and does not do.A business ride can change throughout the life of business or can be applied to a specific product, or to a nonprofit. It is a more general and concise statement than the business plan, but is still very much used to explain the business and its activities to investors, banks or employees. Standard business sticks are often referred to in shorthand, such as subscription or low-cost leader. As we know a business model is the mechanism by which a business intends to pecify a market offering. It is a summary of how a company plans to serve its customers and specifies its product offering.It mentions both the strategy and methods of implementation. As Amazon. com was be ing established, the delivery of information, goods, or service to end customers employed one strong business model called the Online Retailers of Physical Goods. This business model takes title to the freshly manu occurrenceured products that they sell and often rely on triplet party providers. Like Amazon. com, it needed third party providers, such as Borders and Barnes Noble, to maintain its product supply. When Amazon. om was first launched, Amazon. om was heralded for its feel-friendly culture that drew gifted young people to apply for work there and employed smart hiring strategy by hiring the brightest, closely intelligent and versatile people. Jeff Bezos wanted people who could share his vision and were willing to work to achieve it. He tried to establish a sense of community due to sharing both hard work and fun with his employees. Although pay was less than market salaries, attractive ownership options were offered. Amazons three operational strategies are 1 . Cost-Lea dership Amazon places itself as leader based only on the pricing.It offers the same product quality for lesser price. 2. Customer Differentiation Amazon uses design, quality and convenience as a differentiator which set it stray from its close competitors. 3. Focus Strategies Customer service is the major focus while realizing that each market has its own quirks. Amazon. coms values and philosophy are at the center of the organization. These often determines the success and failure of the enterprise . The separate important factors Amazon focuses on are customer satisfaction and operational frugality. These two values support Amazon. oms operational trategies in achieving and maintaining an effective competitive advantage. Growth Drivers There are four primary drivers for offshoot 1. Product focus 2. Customer focus 3. Technology focus 4. Distribution focus Using the supra stated strategies, Amazon has managed to place itself in a position of power and success. 3. Use the 5 f orces model to analyze and interpret the opportunities and threats that the industry within which a company operates (of your choice), throws up. Explain how the company plans to capitalise on the opportunities and tackle the threats understanding where power lies in a business situation.It to a fault helps to understand both the effectualness of a firms current competitive position, and the strength of a position a company is looking to range into. Despite the fact that the Five Force framework focuses on business concerns rather than public policy, it also emphasizes extended competition for value rather than Just competition among existing rivals, and the simpleness of its application shake numerous companies as well as business schools to adopt its use (Wheelen and Hunger, 1998). * Chez Airlinbe company is not an isolated unit in the world and performs within a market full of other competitors.To be up to(p) to evaluate their position on market and to act accordingly they th emed the Porters Five Forces Model. This model helped to define and garner their business and its surroundings and identify threats and opportunities to focthem on. They review this model periodically to obtain up-to-date data in this global and turbulent environment. The Porter Model consists of 5 elements which together comprises the environment business operate in. These elements are suppliers, customers, new entrants, existing competition and the product itself.By assessing every one of these elements they get the whole learn of heir company within the market and the rating helps them target the key areas. They theme the scale of 0-5 to evaluate the policies of each element where O means no policies and 5 very towering policies (reffering to the number in the brackets). * 1) Policies of Suppliers As they operate in the areas of services there are no critical commodities having large bewitch of their everyday service delivery. Therefore this area is not of critical policies i n a short fail.However, they should not underestimate this element as they wouldnt be able to continue the business in long run without suppliers. f their supply (3) This is a threat in case of the aircraft machines. There are not numerous reputable airplanes (and airplanes parts) producers and therefore they could have strong policies to control the air travel industry. As for the catering, gift services and other indirect materials there are many fragmented choice and therefore their policies is of almost no significance as they could be replaced quickly. There are no substitutes for the particular input (5) There are no substitutes for planes (in case they want to continue providing air transportation instead of ground routes) and herefore the policies of this element is very high business critical. They could reduce this policies by handling cargo theming the earth services but this faculty decrease service level they provide to their customers. * The suppliers customers are fragmented, so their bargaining policies is low (4) There are more than 200 airlines all over the world and despite some alliance organizations (such as IATA) they are all potential competitors.The policies of this element is relatively high as the suppliers could afford losing one customers but the customers dissimulation afford loosing the critical supplier (e. g. Boeing). The switching costs from one supplier to another are high (3) Switching costs in air transport industry are mainly related to the fact of limited airplanes producers and to the machine a company already owns. They theme planes form 3 producers Airbthem, Boeing and ATR.

Thursday, April 11, 2019

Two People Who Have Great Influence in My Life Essay Example for Free

Two People Who Have Great Influence in My Life Essay first appearance I am what I am. Who I am today was the result of my past experiences in lifetime hence, experiences that be worth remembering for. I am a person of unattackable value and right because of these two great quite a little who have influenced and touched my life in a very pregnant elbow rooms. They are the genius who authentically sacrifice a lot just to give me a cleanse future.They molded me as a person of good morals and dignity as well as a person who love and fear god. These two people that have touched my life are my beloved parents, my protactinium and milliampere. I owe my life to them and I leave behind non stop thanking God for giving me such wonderful and loving parents. The intents of this paper are (1) to figure out how my dad and florists chrysanthemum influenced my life in diametrical and similar ways and (2) know deeper what are their contributions in my life.Discussion My dad is a n ideal father to me. When I will have my own family, I would comparable to be deal him. He is a very responsible human. He is very loving and a generous father. He supplies our daily needs and not only that, he always find time to spend lumber time with us in spite of his hectic schedules from his work. Every time he got from his work, he oft brought us presents they may be small or big but it has great impact in my life because it is not how expensive or cheap the present is but it is the thought that counts.I always hear my father saying I love you to my mother and to us as well. He really shows that we, his family, are very important to him. He treats us perpetuallyy time he receives his salary. I neer experience that my father has shouted nor spanked me because of what I did. He disciples my siblings and I in a manner that we will not retaliate because of what he does to us. If I have done something wrong, he just calls me to go to his chamber so that we feces have a talk. My mom is the most wonderful mother in the unscathed world. Truly, she is the light in our home. She is a kind of mother that disciplines us firmly yet gentle. She is just same(p) my father because when my siblings and I have done something wrong, she also calls us to go to her bedroom, if ever my dad is not around to disciplines us, and have a short talk. She is a kind of mom who always consoles us if ever we have something that troubles us. She is a good cook too. She sees to it that we have a good and nutritious meal. She never complains in raising us but indeed she finds it a delight, seeing us feed with her love and care. My mom and dad have brought great impact in my life. My father taught me how to be like a man. He taught me how to play sports, working out and stuff like that. We always have a man to man talk and he told me that when I have my own family in the future, I should care my future family the way he takes care of us. And I am pretty sure that I can be like him because that is the kind of family where I am brought up.Well, if others cannot easily get along with their mom because they are boys, I can sincerely say that I can easily approach and get along with my mom. She always tells me that I should love my neighbors as myself and never take advantage on the weaknesses of others. She also reminds me to be a one woman man in the future, just like my father did. Though they teach me in different ways but they have one common denominator and that is to raise me as a person of good value and dignity.III. Conclusion To have a very loving father and mother is such a great blessing from God a blessing that cannot be exchanged with the wealth of this world. These two people are very precious to me and I am not what I am today without their sodding(a) love, support and fair discipline.

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Revenue allocation Essay Example for Free

Revenue tryst EssayRevenue means income. Allocation means to divide. Revenue allocation is defined as the piece of available resources within an organisation or company. At a broader level, it is the process of assigning a approach to the amount of services and products generated. Government revenue is obtained from taxes, licenses and fees and allocated to public facilities. Be try of the current revenue allocation shape In Nigeria, though there is a great deal of wealth In the country from the oil Industry, 64% of the population lives below the poverty line. While the federal government akes over half of all the coin In the Nigerian federal account, little has been done to promote welfare and development projects that would benefit the cosmopolitan public. According to the Nigerian Revenue Moblllzatlon Allocation and Fiscal Commission, a new revenue allocation formula Is In the works, but It remains to be seen If these measures are enough to remedy the problem.When Nigeri as maverick CBN Governor lately In an Interview Justified the sadlstlc, sub-human and horrific terrorist activities going on In the North of Nigeria by attributing It to the position that 011 evenue was being unfairly shared on the basis of derivation primarily instead of population which is the Norths warlike advantage, I was shocked that such a flawed argument could come from such a consider Nigerian whose controversial reform of the Nigerian banking sector has won him praises and awards locally and internationally.SLS traced the root ca utilise of terrorism in the North to grinding poverty in the North which he claims was caused by Nigerias use of the derivation principle instead of population as the primary yardstick for allocating revenue among he states. He believes that this preference for the derivation principle has short- changed the North and disadvantaged it. I totally disagree with SLS and depart articulate in this article my reasons for disagreeing with him and my suggestions on the way forward for Nigeria using history as a guide to arrive at what I believe is a Just solution that will be favourable to all.

Monday, April 8, 2019

The Wedding Banquet, 1993 Dir. Ang Lee Essay Example for Free

The conjoin spread head, 1993 Dir. Ang Lee EssayWinston Chao and Mitchell Lichtenstein portray Wai-tung and Simon respectively, a Manhattan gay couple whose bright relationship start to get upside down when Wai-tung Taiwanese p arents fly in ( The Wedding Banquet 2004). Wai-tungs parents, unaware of their sons sexuality, are pressuring him to settle down and give them a grandchild. To please his parents, Wai-Tung, with Simons consent, opts to bind Wei (portrayed by May Chin,) their tenant who badly needs a green card to stay in the US (2004).Wai-tungs folks fly over to have the wedding banquet, which leads to complications such as Wei acquiring pregnant by Wai-tung, severing his relationship with Simon and Wai-tungs parents finally finding out the truth shag their sons sexuality and how they deal with it (2004). In the end, Wei has the baby, Wai-tungs parents return to Taiwan, with his mother lock contemn Simon but feels a connection with Wei, his father, accepting Simon a nd dismisses Wei, and Simon, Wai-Tung and Wei are left together to raise the baby. The film depicts mixed sexuality the way interracial sexuality is commonly viewed by society- like a fish sustainment in a fish bowl, with so much scrutiny and interest. Gay relationships, whether we admit it or non, are still viewed by others as obscene. What more with an interracial gay relationship? That will have the pharisaical raise their eyebrows.For an interracial sexuality does not just deal with sexuality per se but moldiness also confront the consequences brought on by norms and culture. Asian culture in general is more handed-down than North American culture. And that is illustrated in the film. Wai-tungs mother, for instance, after finding out that her son in gay, still does not warm to her sons White lover. What is interesting is how Wai-tungs father dealt with the situation. He did not just accept Simon as his other son, he also gave him the Hanabao, to symbolize his acceptance.Work CitedThe Wedding Banquet. Dir. Ang Lee. Perf. Winston Chao, Mitchell Lichtenstein, May Chin, Jeanne Kuo Chang. 1993. DVD. MGM, 2004.

Sunday, April 7, 2019

Performance Evaluation Task Essay Example for Free

Performance military rank Task EssayAll employees want a fair and absolute performance military rank. Its it classical that an evaluation reflect for from each one one employees job duties and how well they wealthy person performed. In this scenario, the engineers first performance limited review ended with him being angry over the way in which he was being evaluated. in that respect were three main issues with the engineers evaluation. The engineer felt that no integrity in the social club, including the plant manager was qualified to flesh out his annual review. He felt this way because he is the only trained engineer in the company. As a result, the engineer had little federal agency in the way that he was being evaluated and was upset that most of his review was based on relationships with other co-workers and his witness personal characteristics. For the second annual review the plant manager is exploring other options when it comes to evaluating the engineer .The three most normally-used sets of evaluation criteria which should be used in evaluations atomic number 18 individual task takingss, behaviors, and traits. In this scenario, the engineer could be judged on what he was able to accomplish. For example, the changes that the engineer suggested resulted in considerable savings on manufacturing energy cost and eliminated a signifi force outt safety hazard that had been previously overlooked. Behavior refers to not only how the employee works with others but likewise organizational performance, promptness, and suggestions for improvements.In the scenario, the engineer clashes with other employees and has a poor attitude towards co-workers. However, the engineers suggestions have led to positive changes with the company. Traits be referring to the engineers attitude, showing confidence, and being dependable. In this scenario, the engineer demonstrates a poor attitude towards co-workers and does not pay close attention when the mana ger is speaking.When you compare the most commonly used sets of criteria of claim evaluation the manager needs to determine the importance or weight of each category. Is what the employee achieved as important as how the tasks were done or that they got along with the other members of the team? What the engineer achieved is something that peck be measured though the completion of tasks.Behaviors and traits can be more subjective. It could be the engineers personality to be standoffish or he doesnt socialize well with others. This doesnt inevitably mean the engineer is not a successful employee. In the annual review, the manager should consider the outcome of his tasks as the highest priority. Behaviors should be the next factor, and finally traits.In an effort to get more buy in of the performance evaluation run, the plant manager can include the opinions of supervisors, peers, and subordinates. This is an example of a full 360-degree program. There are advantages and disadvantag es to this process. The advantages include the hope to give everyone more of a sense of participation in the review process and gain more accurate readings on employee performance. The use of nonuple sources is more likely to take a variety of behavior more accurately. It also interprets employees with a wider perspective of their performance. Some of the disadvantages of the 360 degree evaluation are that it has the potential to be misused. Some corporations allow employees to choose the people who evaluate them which can get out some inaccurate feedback. There can also be issues in handling disagreements and contradictions between those who complete the evaluations. (E-textbook)The plant manager will also need to consider how the engineer would be evaluated. There are several options when considering how to evaluate an employee. The first mode that can be considered is a pen essay. This is a written narrative describing an employees strengths, weaknesses, potential, performa nce, and suggestions for improvement. The success of this method can be determined as much by the evaluators writing ability as by the employees level of performance. Another method of evaluation is critical incidents. In this type of evaluation, the evaluator focuses on the behaviors that flummox the difference between perform a job effectively or ineffectively. It provides an example of what behaviors are wanted and those that are opportunity states.The tercet and one of the most popular methods of evaluation is the use of graphic rating scales. In this evaluation method, a set of performance factors such has quality of work cooperation, attendance, and initiative are noted. The evaluator rates each of the factors on incremental scales. One of the advantages to this method is thatthey are less time consuming to complete. They also provide for easy analysis. However, evaluation methods can be biased and have as much to do with the evaluator as with the employee being evaluated . For example, the evaluator unintentionally can inflate an evaluation or even depreciate the evaluation. The evaluator can also be influenced by the assessment of one characteristic. Some evaluations can be biased by the evaluator favoring employees who have similar qualities to their own. Or in some cases, the evaluator can see the process as an opportunity to reward or punish employees.While the evaluation process at times is not perfect there are ways that it can be improved. In the scenario, the engineer feels that no one is qualified to complete his evaluation including the plant manager. He has little confidence in the evaluation process and that the rating themselves focus on personal characteristics and relationships with co-workers. One way to improve the evaluation process is to train evaluators. If no one is qualified then the company needs to make a qualified evaluator. Training someone to be an evaluator can make for more accurate ratings of an employee. This can help to build confidence that the evaluations are accurate and fair.Another alternative is to use multiple evaluators such as in the 360-degree method. This provides an opportunity to achieve more accurate evaluations. The evaluators can review contrary areas of job performance such as evaluating suggestions for improvements and personal characteristics. A third option is to evaluate selectively. In the scenario, the evaluation would only be done by someone who has some expertise in the area in which they are evaluating. This again can help the engineer have confidence in the evaluations that are being completed.In conclusion, the engineer wants a fair and accurate evaluation. He wants to have confidence in the people who are completing that evaluation and that he is being evaluated on criteria such as improvements to company and how timely and effectively his tasks are completed.

Saturday, April 6, 2019

Black Codes Essay Example for Free

ignominious Codes EssayThe sinister codes were a another intelligence activity for hate, and the reason I say this because the true meaning of The shadowy codes is a law that stops the blacks from having freedom, and later(prenominal) on they would begin to Force them into owing or as I was taught debt. With legal prohibitions of sla rattling legitimate by the Emancipation Proclamation, acts of state legislature, and eventually the Thirteenth Amendment, Southern states adopted new laws to regulate sour life. This was a very serious law for the blacks it was Mean and made them seem like they werent pot just like they did the grandfather clause and I say This wasnt a very near(a) matter. This was like the grandfather clause the code is to watch the movement From theirs to the south some laws say black cant hold guns and cant trade produce and they said this To want them back on the plantation. The black codes were passed by the ex-confederate states after the civil war, th e purpose of the Black codes were to keep freed slaves in a servitude state, to check off cheap agricultural labor, and to Keep a white dominate position. Yes I say they ar right because through the research I found this was The one most popular it was well compose it talks about cause it talks about what I said in the first Paragraph. interpreter Arkansas passed a law prohibiting showed wad to Immigrate to Arkansas Another example is Texas take railroad companies to have separate cars for Black and white people And my last example is Arkansas call for separate schools for white and black People, they also made a Law called the vagrancy law which meant Any psyche that a law enforcement Officer or judge deemed To be unemployed and not owning property could be arrested and charged as a Vagrancy. -History.com Radical Republican reconstruction efforts from 1866-1867, and passage of the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights legislation, helped to greatly eliminate the Black code s. The Union victory in The Civil War may have given up some 4 million slaves their freedom, but African Americans faced a new Onslaught of obstacles and injustices during the Reconstruction era (1865-1877). By late 1865, when the 13th Amendment officially outlawed the institution of slavery, the question of freed blacks status in the Postwar South was still very much unresolved.The Freedmens Bureau also helped the former slaves in the workplace. It tried to make sure that The former slaves received fair wages and freely choose their employers. The berth created special The bureau created special Courts to settle disputes between black workers and their white Employers. It could also intervene in other cases that threatened the rights of freedmen. The South Carolina code included a exact form for black servants who concord to work for white masters. The Form required that the wages and the Term of service be in writing. The contract had to be witnessed And then approved by a jud ge.Other Provisions of the code listed the rights and obligations of the Servant and master. Black servants had to Reside on the employers property, remain quiet and orderly, Work from sunup to sunset except on Sundays, and not leave the premises or receive visitors without the Masters permission. Masters could moderately chew up servants under 18 to discipline them. Whipping Older servants required a judges Order. while lost due to illness would be deducted from the servants Wages. Servants who quit before the end check of their labor contract forfeited their wages and could be Arrested and returned to their Masters by a judges order.On the other hand, the law protected black Servants from being forced to do Unreasonable tasks. This is how the 1800s were they were very mean, cruel and they never thought about anybody But there self and I consider that the black codes is just a distraction from what they really and I say that They be all people the black the whites and all the other races it just took them long enough to realize That and I say that is very poorly of them because doesnt matter what you look like or what you wear Or what your skin color is people are people and we all need to accept that.This is the reason why I Chose the black codes there is no other reason I chose it because people found out the truth that we are A Special in different ways and I like the way we get on to day without racism.

Contract Laws Essay Example for Free

Contr incite Laws EssayWhen it comes the justnesss of worry there ar a broad range of categories and topics. A topic that we would find when studying teleph wholeness circuit law is turn offs. A take is a leg eithery enforceable agreement in the midst of two or more people. (Rogers, 2012) In the world we live in learning about read laws is very brisk when forecasting into one. We essential be aw be that there is more than just on theatrical role of contr coiffure and there be several steps that both parties moldiness follow before any shrink elicit be legal. on that point argon several theatrical roles of rationalizes that someones chiffonier enter. These types are excerpted, implied, bilateral, coloured, simple, formal and similar beats. An express contract are formed by the express language of the partiesthe actual words they use in their agreementand tooshie be either compose or oral. (Rogers, 2012) This type of contract does non form to be in writ ing. An expressed contract confines the offer, acceptance and consideration elements of a contract. Express contracts are usually compared to implied contracts. Implied contacts are formed non by the express words of the parties, but rather by their actions. (Rogers, 2012) With this type of contract the agreement is implied by actions. There are no expressed words within an implied contract. It house be either implied in fact or in law. If a contract will resultant role in inequity or harm it will not be implied. If there is any inquiry or discrepancy exists, then the court expertness not conclude a contractual relationship. If an signification arises that they gather in jointly give ined to a new contract that contains the same requirements as the old agreement.An another(prenominal) type of contract is a bilateral contract. A bilateral contract is a reciprocal arrangement between two parties under which both parties promise to perform an act in exchange forthe other pol itical partys act (BusinessDictionary.com). When entering into a bilateral contract there is a joint agreement among the two parties that entails the carrying out of an act. The promise made by one party constitutes sufficient consideration for the promise made by the other party. It is a common contract because we enter into a bilateral contract everything we hand a purchase, order or receive any kindhearted of treatment. Bilateral contracts are compared to unilateral contract. Unilateral contract are agreements that deal with a promise that is made by solo one person gnarled in the contract. This agreement is when there is an exchange for the process or non-performance of an act by the other party. solely one of the contracting parties ignore be enforced to postdate with contract.This type of contract is one-sided because only the offeror is legally bound in complying with the terms of the contract. The offeree ordure comply or refrain from playacting the act, but he or she tinnot be sued if they do not comply. If you accept an offer from a unilateral contract it cannot be achieved by making another agreement only by performance or non-performance of some particular act. An offer can be revoked until the act has been performed or there was no act completed and the date has passed. The interest contract is called a simple contract. It is in no way a lawfully recorded or legitimately sealed contract, but breeches are still ofttimes ruled on by a judge. It is any oral or written contract that is not required to follow a specific form, or be signed, witnessed, or sealed. (Rogers, 2012).They are not inescapably formalized contracts and do not entail court continues in order to make them binding. They are simply an agreement that is among the parties involve. They are usually compared to formal contracts. Formal contract are a written agreement between two parties that are considered to be legally binding and enforced my law (Laws.com). They must(p renominal) be in writing, signed and seal by all parties entering into the contract. In order for a formal contract to be valid it must contain leash elements, which are the offer, the acceptance and a payment for the services provided or goods delivered. This type of contract eliminates any uncertainty regarding its terms and conditions. It contains a precede section which is utilized to clearly define the essentials terms that are utilized within the contract. This helps in eliminating tediousness in the use of common language. It alike insures substantive terms of the contractthat are described and indite in the contract.Quasi contracts are the last type of contract discussed in the text. Quasi contracts are not a realistic contract. They are a remedy that a court may offer to make things fair. (Rogers, 2012). This type of contract is implied by law. Courts will imply a fictional contract to require one party to return benefits to the other party where unjust enrichment has occurred. Unjust enrichment doctrine deals with the equality of a quasi contract. It states that no party should profit at the expense of the other without making restitution of a commonsense re dumbfounde. When there is no oral or written agreement, courts depend on this doctrine to provide a legal remedy for a quasi contract.A Quasi contract can be compared to an implied contract. There are two types of implied contracts. These types are Implied-in-fact and Implied-by-law. A quasi contract is considered to be an Implied-by-law. It is different from an implied-in-fact because the courts treat the former(prenominal) as an express written contract because of the actions and words that both parties have expressed. Even though neither party has communicatively expressed the acceptance of the contract their actions might be viewed differently.A contracted can be valid and enforceable, but can also be found to be unenforceable and can be voided. In order for a contract to be valid an d enforceable it must contain the five elements of a contract to be legally binding. These elements are offer, acceptance, consideration, legality and capacity. The first element of a valid contract is the offer. An offer is an invitation for another to enter into a contract (Rogers, 2012). Offers can be verbal or written, but must at all times be clear terms. They can be bilateral or unilateral terms. They are not legally binding. Offers can be voided is any of the individuals involved cannot or do not comply with their promise. Offers can also be voided, repealed or annulled after parties have accepted the offer, unless there is a clause where it states that revocations are not allowed.The undermentioned element is acceptance. An acceptance is an acquiescence to enter into a contract under the terms of the offer (Rogers, 2012). Once an offer is made the parties must agree on the terms. All parties must be willing to enter into the agreement. Acceptances can be implied orexpresse d. They can be directed to all parties involved or just one person. There are times when the individual making the offer will invite the person accepting the offer by actually performing the acts that the offeror is bargaining for. This occurs when special tribulations of notification, revoking and confidence in the form of limited performance can occur.Consideration is the next element of a valid contract. A consideration is anything of legal value that is asked for and received as the price for entering into a contract (Rogers, 2012). For a contract to be considered to be legally binding it must be supported by a valuable consideration. For instance, a party is required to do something in exchange for the promise that was made in a benefit of value. It is what all(prenominal) individual in the contact provides to the other as the established value for the others promise. For the about part, considerations are usually a payment of money, but are not always. At times they can be a promise to do something such as a type of work in return for something.The fourth element is legality. This is an agreement may be considered illegal if it would violate a polity result in commission of a tort or violate public policy. (Rogers, 2012). In contract law, legality of purpose is required of every enforceable contract. Agreement of a social nature are presumed not to be legally binding, but with evidence can be rebutted in court. Also, any municipal agreements such as agreements created by a parent and a child are generally unenforceable on the basis of the system of law.The last element is capacity. Capacity is the mental competency of an individual and also with special rules for people who are under legal age (Rogers, 2012). In other words, it deals with the competence of all parties. In order for an individual to enter into a contract they must be capable to do so. All parties entering the contract have to be over the legal age, mentally capable and cannot be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. If a contract is made with an individual that is under the age of 18 or 21, depending on the jurisdiction, the contract is revokable, but is legal and enforceable until or unless the individual revokes it. In the eyeball of the law, individuals under the age of 18 or 21 are deemed to be immature and nave to enter into a contract. The individual may avoid the legal duty to perform the terms of the agreement without creation liable of breach of contract.All parties must also be mentally capable of entering into a contract. If a party does not understand the nature and/or consequences of the contract when it is formed the contract can be voided. An individual that lacks the legal capacity can be declared incompetent in a court and can be appointed a legal guardian. If someone is to enter into a contract with someone who is not mentally capable the contract will be voided and there will not be any legal effects because neither party may be legally c ompelled to comply with the terms. Lastly, no one entering in to a contract can be intoxicated. All parties must be sober at the time of entering a contract in order for the contract to be deemed enforceable. When someone is under the influence they are not capable of knowing what they are doing and why. They might also not comprehend the terms of the contract which makes it unenforceable.A contact can appear to be legally binding because it may contain all the elements of a contract, but there are defenses to a contract that can also make a contract unenforceable and voidable. There are two types of defense to a contract, which are lack of genuine assent and lack of proper form. Genuine assent or meeting on the minds is a criteria utilized to determine validity of acceptance of an offer for a contract. This occurs when the acceptance of a contract is secured through improper or illegal means such as fraud, erroneous belief, duress and undue influence. The first type of genuine ass ent that will be discussed is fraud. Fraud is the debate falsification of an essential matter of the contract. When there is an existence of fraud in a contractual proceeding it makes the contract unenforceable and can be voided by the party upon whom the deception was perpetrated.According to our text, there are two types of fraud, which are fraud in the murder and fraud in the inducement. Fraud in the execution merely occurs when one of the individuals who entered in to the contract isnt aware that they are entering in to one. The chip fraud is when both parties are aware they are entering into the contract, but one of theparties is deceived when entering into it. The following type that can make a contract unenforceable and invalid is a mistake. A mistake is also known as a mutual mistake. When there is a mistake this means that both parties made a mistake to something that is vital to the contract. Just because one party can make a mistake doesnt necessarily mean that the con tract is voidable. In order for it to be considered as unenforceable it must have a significant effect on the exchange or bargaining development.The following factor is duress. Duress is when one party forces the other party to sign a contract. The force can be either physical or emotional pressure. When there is use of duress the contract is voidable by the party that was under duress during signing. Duress can be defined by three categories, which are actual or threatened violence to an individual, threats to an individuals property and/or scotch duress. Economic duress is the more difficult to prove because you have to establish the boundaries of acceptance behavior of this kind of pressure. Duress is sometimes compared to undue influence, but there are different. As mentioned above, duress deals with someone world pressured into signing the contract, whereas undue influence is when a party is manipulated in to signing the contract.If one party has put inequitable and inappropr iate pressure on the other in the discussions leading to the signing of the contract, common law will allow duress and undue influence to allow for the terms of the contract to be posit aside. Common laws are laws made by the decisions of judges in individual cases. (Rogers, 2012). Undue influence is user-friendly to recognize because it can involve the parties having a fiduciary relationship or one of the members involved depends on another due to their age, illness, infirmity, etc. A fiduciary relationship is a relationship where one individual has a responsibility to act for the others benefit. When undue influence occurs the individual who is suppose to be helping the other person out is taking advantage of that person.Lastly, the second type of defense to a contract as listed above is lacks proper form. This is generally when it lacks writing. There are certain types of contracts that are required to be in writing, but at times we arent aware. If these types of contracts are not in writing then theycannot be enforced.It is important to learn about contract laws. They are the foundation of our society. Since we enter into contracts on a day-to-day bases we should be aware of these laws. Contracts can be complicated and having knowledge of the different types and what makes them enforceable or voided can really be helpful. If there were no laws on contract then the agreements we make could become aired and unworkable.ReferencesLewinsohn, J. L. (1914). Contract Distinguished From Quasi Contract. California Law Review, 2(3), 171.Rogers, S. (2012). Essentials of Business Law. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Smith, C. A. (2012). Contracts. http//www.west.net/smith/contracts.htm Information regarding elements of a contract and remedies for breach. Undefined. (n.d.). Bilateral Contract. In BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/bilateral-contract.html. Undefined. (n.d.). Know the types of For mal Contract. In Laws.com. Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http//contract-law.laws.com/types-of-contracts/types-of-formal-contract.