Saturday, December 28, 2019

Biography of Juan Ponce de León, Conquistador

Juan Ponce de Leà ³n (1460 or 1474–1521) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who was most active in the Caribbean in the early part of the 16th century. His name is usually associated with the exploration of Puerto Rico and Florida, where, according to popular legend, he searched for the legendary Fountain of Youth. He was wounded in an Indian attack in Florida in 1521 and died in Cuba shortly thereafter. Fast Facts: Juan Ponce de Leà ³n Known For: Exploring the Caribbean and discovering FloridaBorn: 1460 or 1474 in Santervà ¡s de Campos, SpainDied: July 1521 in Havana, CubaSpouse: LenoraChildren: Juana, Isabel, Maria, Luis (some sources say three children) Early Life and Arrival in America Ponce de Leà ³n was born in the Spanish village of Santervà ¡s de Campos in the current-day province of Valladolid. Historical sources generally agree that he had several blood ties to an influential aristocracy, but his parents are unknown. His date of arrival in the New World isnt certain: Many historical sources place him on Columbus second voyage (1493), while others claim that he first arrived with Spaniard Nicolà ¡s de Ovandos fleet in 1502. He could have been on both and gone back to Spain in between. In any event, he arrived in the Americas no later than 1502. Farmer and Landowner Ponce de Leà ³n was on the Island of Hispaniola in 1504 when native Indians attacked a Spanish settlement. Ovando, by then  the governor of Hispaniola, sent a force in reprisal that included Ponce de Leà ³n as an officer. The natives were brutally crushed. He must have impressed Ovando because he was awarded a choice piece of land that came with a number of natives to work it, as was the custom at the time. Ponce de Leà ³n made the most of this plantation, turning it into productive farmland and raising vegetables and animals including pigs, cattle, and horses. Food was in short supply for all the expeditions and exploration taking place, so he prospered. He married a woman named Leonor, an innkeeper’s daughter, and founded a town called Salvaleà ³n de Higà ¼ey, now in the Dominican Republic, near his plantation. His house still stands and is open for tours. Puerto Rico At that time, nearby Puerto Rico was called San Juan Bautista. Ponce de Leà ³n made a clandestine visit to the nearby island sometime in 1506, probably following rumors of gold. While there, he built a few cane structures at a site that would later become the town of Caparra and, even later, an archaeological site. In mid-1508, Ponce de Leà ³n asked for and received royal permission to explore and colonize San Juan Bautista. He set out in August, making his first official voyage to the island in one ship with about 50 men. He returned to the site of Caparra and began setting up a settlement. Disputes and Difficulties Ponce de Leà ³n was appointed governor of San Juan Bautista the next year, but he quickly ran into trouble with his settlement following the arrival of Diego Columbus. Christopher Columbus son was made governor of San Juan Bautista, Hispaniola, and the other lands his father had found in the New World. Diego Columbus wasnt happy that Ponce de Leà ³n had been given royal permission to explore and settle San Juan Bautista. Ponce de Leà ³ns governorship was later validated by King Ferdinand of Spain, but in 1511, a Spanish court found in favor of Columbus. Ponce de Leà ³n had many friends, and Columbus couldnt get rid of him completely, but it was apparent that Columbus was going to win the legal battle for San Juan Bautista. Ponce de Leà ³n began looking for other places to settle. Florida He asked for and was granted royal permission to explore for lands to the northwest. Anything he found would be his, as Christopher Columbus had never gone there. He was looking for Bimini, a land vaguely described by the Taà ­no natives as a wealthy land to the northwest. On March 3, 1513, Ponce de Leà ³n set out from San Juan Bautista with three ships and about 65 men. They sailed northwest and on April 2 discovered what they took for a large island. Because it was the Easter season (known as Pascua Florida, roughly Easter flowers, in Spanish) and because of the flowers on the land, Ponce de Leà ³n named it Florida. The location of their first landfall is unknown. The expedition explored much of the coast of Florida and several of the islands between Florida and Puerto Rico, such as the Florida Keys, Turks and Caicos, and the Bahamas. They also discovered the Gulf Stream. The small fleet returned to San Juan Bautista on Oct. 19. King Ferdinand Ponce de Leà ³n found that his position in San Juan Bautista had weakened in his absence. Marauding Carib Indians had attacked Caparra and Ponce de Leà ³n’s family had narrowly escaped with their lives. Diego Columbus used this as an excuse to enslave any natives, a policy that Ponce de Leà ³n didnt support. He decided to go to Spain. He met with King Ferdinand in 1514. He was knighted, given a coat of arms, and received confirmation of his rights to Florida. He had barely returned to San Juan Bautista when word reached him of Ferdinand’s death. Ponce de Leà ³n returned once again to Spain to meet with the regent, Cardinal Cisneros, who assured him his rights to Florida were intact. Second Trip to Florida In January 1521, Ponce de Leà ³n started preparations to return to Florida. He went to Hispaniola to find supplies and financing and sailed on Feb. 20. Records of the second trip are poor, but evidence suggests it was a fiasco. He and his men sailed to the western coast of Florida to found their settlement. The exact location is unknown. Soon after they arrived, a ferocious Indian attack drove them back to the sea. Many of Ponce de Leà ³ns soldiers were killed, and he was seriously wounded in his thigh by an arrow that possibly was poisoned. Death The trip to Florida was abandoned. Some of the men went to Veracruz, Mexico, to join conquistador Hernà ¡n Cortes. Ponce de Leà ³n went to Cuba in the hopes that he would recover there, but it was not to be. He died of his wounds in Havana sometime in July 1521. The Fountain of Youth According to legend, while Ponce de Leà ³n was in Florida he was searching for the Fountain of Youth, a mythical spring that could reverse the effects of aging. There is little hard evidence that he seriously searched for the spring; mentions appear in a handful of histories published years after he died. It wasnt uncommon for explorers of the time to search for or supposedly find mythological places. Columbus himself claimed to have found the Garden of Eden, and countless men died in the jungles searching for El Dorado, the gilded one, a mythical place of gold and precious jewels. Other explorers claimed to have seen the bones of giants, and the Amazon is named after mythological warrior-women. Ponce de Leà ³n might have been looking for the Fountain of Youth, but it would certainly have been secondary to his search for gold or a good place to establish his next settlement. Legacy Juan Ponce de Leà ³n was an important pioneer and explorer most often associated with Florida and Puerto Rico. He was a product of his time. Historical sources agree that he was relatively good to natives who were assigned to his lands—relatively being the operative word. His workers suffered greatly and rose up against him on at least one occasion, only to be brutally put down. Still, most other Spanish landowners were much worse. His lands were productive and very important for feeding the ongoing colonization effort of the Caribbean. He was known, however, for brutal attacks on indigenous populations. He was hard working and ambitious and might have accomplished much more had he been free of politics. Although he enjoyed royal favor, he couldnt avoid local pitfalls, including constant struggles with the Columbus family. He will forever be associated with the Fountain of Youth, although he was far too practical to waste much time on such an endeavor. At best, he was keeping an eye out for the fountain and any number of other legendary things as he went about the business of exploration and colonization. Sources Fuson, Robert H. Juan Ponce de Leà ³n and the Spanish Discovery of Puerto Rico and Florida. McDonald and Woodward, 2000.Puerto Ricos History, WelcometoPuertoRico.org.

Friday, December 20, 2019

Florence Nightingale As A Hero - 1021 Words

Edward Albert once said, â€Å"The simple act of caring is heroic†. This gives precedence to the fact that not all heroes have stories or myths written about them; some are known simply for the kindness that they have exhibited towards others. The idea that a hero is inclusive, means that the person is considered a hero to all parts of the world (not just a certain culture or time-period); however, this is simply not true. For instance, Jesus is considered a hero and savior to those that follow the Christian/Catholic Religion, but to those that follow the Islamic religion he is simply a prophet and messenger of God (Largen, 2014). Thus, cultural heroes differ and they are known mostly to the cultures they impact. An example of such a little†¦show more content†¦Nightingale underwent a multitude of adventures and journeys on her heroic path towards bettering the medical society. She travelled the world (Cook, 2012) learning how to heal and care for the wounded. She al so continually fought against the sexism that was rampant throughout the time-period (Steele, 2017). Nightingale was successful in her battles for a better medical society. She brought about major changes in the practices and teachings of others, particularly in the field of nursing. Prior to her actions, the medical culture did not put much thought into handwashing and other hygiene practices (Steele, 2017). She also laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school in London, which became the basis for professional nursing schools across the world (Steele, 2017). During Nightingale’s work with the Crimean War, the media released multiple articles about her actions, and how they decreased the death rates for the soldiers (McDonald, 2013). Some believe that this was to give the public a hero during wartime, while others believe that it was simply due to her actions. Even though Nightingale may not have claimed credit for the decrease in death rates, she was a hero to the public for helping the soldiers return home due to her actions causing a decrease in the death rates of the soldiers that were largely due to preventable diseases (McDonald 2013). The terms for being â€Å"heroic† are bound to eachShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Florence Nightengale730 Words   |  3 PagesI chose Florence Nightingale for a number of reasons one being that I happen now that theres a school named after her. So I kind of want to see why was she so famous for so a school could be named after her. An also I feel that not everyone might write about her so it could be excited to research about her. History has forgotten to remind us about all the great women that have changed the world. Like that of famed military nurse and also mathematics Florence Nightingale. The essay will containRead MoreThe Most Influential Nurse Of History : Florence Nightingale1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe Most Influential Nurse in History Florence Nightingale did not start out as the successful woman she is known as today. She belonged to the upper social class of England. Many restrictions were placed on women in Nightingale’s social class such as what they were allowed to read or where they could go. Among her family and social class, nursing seemed out of the question as a career. If you had a â€Å"regular job† you did not belong to society. 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Her accomplishments affected thousands of people. Florence NightingaleRead MoreNursing Association : Nursing As The Profession Or Practice Of Providing Care For The Sick And Infirm2003 Words   |  9 Pageshistory of nursing is very interesting, from the people who made it a possibility to the breakthroughs and improvements that have happened in the field. Because of the early years of nursing, our greatest accomplishments came from people such as Florence Nightingale, and if it were not for people like her, nursing would still be frowned upon today. According to Gail Thomas and Eileen Richardson, the first nursing school was established in India in 250 B.C. At that time only men went to nursing school.Read MorePs330 Final3059 Words   |  13 Pagescourse I have chosen Florence Nightingale. Nightingale is such a significant person in my career field as a registered professional nurse; she of course is the unsung hero of my profession and an outstanding pioneer of her time. There aren’t as many influential nursing figures in history as there are musicians, entertainers, or even sports players. We must always peer deeply into our inspirations and our careers and find who our pioneers are; for me it is Florence Nightingale. When we think of nursesRead MoreThe Changing Context of Nursing Essay examples1635 Words   |  7 Pageschanging from the late 1800’s to present, the images are made from individual’s perceptions by what is seen in the media, how education is taught in nursing and historical figures (Daly, Speedy, Jackson, 2014). Historical figures mainly include Florence Nightingale and her, self-sacrifice and the nurses who transformed education (Fee Garofalo, 2010, p. 1591; Allen, 2010, p. 35). Education has moved forward by the enhancing strategies of teaching student nurses to improve the image of nursing and gaining

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Australia Security and Investment Commission - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Australia Security and Investment Commission. Answer: Introduction The companies in Australia are required to follow the different provisions which are provided in the Corporations Act, 2001, which is an act of the commonwealth of Australia (Cassidy, 2006). Under this act, the officers and the directors of the company are provided certain responsibilities which have to be fulfilled properly in order for the person in question to be deemed to have discharged their duties in a proper manner, and also while exercising their powers (Latimer, 2012). Such responsibility has been imposed over the directors as they are the individuals who run the business of the company on behalf of the shareholders pursuant to section 198(1) of this act (Austlii, 2018). Gore v ASIC [2017] FCAFC 13 is a good example of the possibility of corporate advisors, directors or officers of company being made responsible for breach of duties set out under the Corporations Act. This is particularly true when such individuals are deemed as accessory to such contraventions. This case was related to provisions covered under part 6D.2 of this act which relates to disclosure requirements (Austlii, 2017). Background of this case An appeal was made by Marina Gore against the order of the court. This appeal was based on imposition of injunction of 7.5 years based on section 1324 of this act. This led to Marina being restricted from indulging in any kind of business in the nations financial service industry. The court held that the provisions of the governing act had been contravened by Gore, particularly the first two subsections of section 727 of this act. This was because Gore had made offer of securities without the requisite disclosure documents, in addition to breach of section 1014H. Section 12DA of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act, 2001 had also been contravened in this case as per the court. This was owing to the indulgence of Marina in deceptive and the misleading conduct. A cross appeal was also made by the ASIC in this matter. This was due to inappropriateness of injunction stating of 7.5 years (Macredie, 2017). The issue of this case was related to the possible breach of section 727 of this act for the reasons of Gore being indulged in accessorial liability. Duties breached Rules Under section 79 of this act, the provisions for accessorial liability are given. This section provides that a person has to be made liable in a personal manner for contravening the sections of this legislation as being an accessory by another person, where the same is proved to the satisfaction of court that the initial person took part in contraventions of second person. In order for being a part of the contravention, the person needs to be involved in conspiring with the other person, and also needs to be indulged in inducing, counselling, abetting, procuring or aiding in either indirect or direct manner, and in a manner which was in the knowledge of the concerned party (Australian Government, 2018). Section 727 of the Corporations Act provides that there is a need for properly lodging the disclosure document in cases of securities being offered. Section 727(1) particularly states that an offer should not be made and also application should not be distributed for offering securities. This restricted is put till such period where the disclosure documents are lodged with ASIC. These disclosure documents have to be as per provisions of Part 6D.2. Section 727(2) provides that there is a need to include offer form in these documents. If this cannot be done, the offer form has to be attached to such documents (WIPO, 2015). Under this section, the offering of securities is restricted, along with restrictions on distribution of the application form for making an offer of securities, which are needed as per the disclosers made to the investors based on Part 6D.2, till the time: Prospectus used for an offer: Offer or the form needs to cover the prospectus, or has to be accompanied by the copy of such prospectus. Prospectus and profile statement used for an offer: Offer or the form needs to cover the prospectus and profile statement, or has to be accompanied by the copy of such prospectus or profile statement. Offer information statement used for an offer: Offer or the form needs to cover the prospectus, or has to be accompanied by the copy of such offer information statement. In this matter, Yorke v Lucas [1985] HCA 65 was deemed as an important reference point. The quoted case presented that during the civil proceedings, the essential elements of the particular breach had to be shown. This is to show the contravention had taken place. This was important in context of holding a person as accessory of breach. Merely showing that the person had the knowledge about the facts could not be deemed as a breach (Haarsma Lawyers, 2009). Furthermore, the contravention needs to require an intentional participation and intent on the basis of knowledge of these elements (Jade, 2018a). Another precedent holding significance here was Giorgianni v The Queen [1985] HCA 29. This case presented lesions for criminal law requirements in context of holding a person as accessory. Based on this case, there was a need to show intent, instead of showing that the person ordered the acts to be done. This matter was related to offence attracting strict liability under the criminal law. And the culpable driving of this case was related to defective brakes (Jade, 2018b). The statue provided that the person had to aid, abate, counsel or procure in a different person who drove in a dangerous manner as a result of which grievous bodily harm was caused or death was caused. In such cases, the initial person had to be convicted of a specific offence which was related to culpable driving. The plaintiff lacked the knowledge of the defect in braking system. Yet, the party appealing in this matter was convicted (High Court of Australia, 2018). The third precent quoted in this matter was Johnson v Youden [1950] 1 KB 544. In Johnson, the court had held that in order to hold an individual as an accessory for any offence, the individual needs to know regarding the essential elements on which the offence had been formed. In lay mans terms, there is no need of the person holding the knowledge of the committing of offence. This is due to the fact that the person could lack the knowledge of the offence being actually committed. Also, citing ignorance of law is not a valid defence (Davies, 2015). A number of cases were cited in this decision and the next precent was ASIC v Adler [2002] NSWSC 171. The reason for citing this case was for knowledge to be actual instead of being constructive. The company and the defendant were deemed as accessory to breach of director duties. They were held liable due to applicability of section 79 of Corporations Act. And they were accessory of Raymond Williams (Justis, 2018). This case had Williams passing on the instructions. And the transactions were undertaken here on Adlers initiatives. Thus, it was stated by the court that both Williams and Adler had violated these provisions in a knowing manner. Further, it could not be denied by them that they were aware of the factual elements resulting in contravention, and this was true even when both Williams and Adler had considered that the transaction had been undertaken at arms length principle (Austlii, 2002). Application For establishing the accessorial liability there is a need to show that the contravention which has been alleged for the securities had been offered or an application had been distributed by Gore for the securities offer. Also, there is a need to prove that the disclosures under part 6D.2 were required to be made to the investors. The last requirement is to show that no information statement, profile statement or prospectus had been submitted to ASIC. It was held that securities in this matter had been offered. Also, there was a distribution of application. Based on the situation, there was a need for lodging the disclosure document and this situation had to be this offers contents. Gore had clear knowledge of all this and yet failed in filing the disclosure document with ASIC (Jade, 2017). This case saw extensive consideration being given to the knowledge of Gore in being a part of the contraventions. The viewpoint adopted here was based on the precedents. The precedent was particularly related to failure in holding the elements of section 727(1) being present. It had been stated earlier that the only thing which had to be shown by the ASIC was the defendants had the requisite knowledge in the matter of two elements, and that they did not have to show that they were aware of disclosers based on the sections of Corporations Act, as had been elucidated in the previous segment. In this case, reference had to be made to the quoted cases where it was not required to show before that the court that the alleged accessory held the knowledge regarding the provisions in statute, which could have resulted in the conduct of the leading breaching party being unlawful; and that the only requirement was to establish the awareness of the accessory regarding the related matter associat ed with the unlawfulness. In this case, the relevant information was the knowledge of facts regarding the need of disclosures, instead of the requirement being placed through the governing legislation (Jade, 2017). As highlighted earlier, provisions of Criminal Code were involved here. However, these were not applied in this case. The reason for the same was the lack of these provisions being raised. Without doing so, the court could not consider these. Even though the matter was related to criminal offence, it never went to the court for holding the same. Court had the option of upholding the finding of first instance despite the failure in applicability of Criminal Code, and even for determining the matter based on the law, for the same to be remitted. In the matter of accessorial liability, it could be shown to be present in this case in a clear manner. This is due to the knowledge of the offers contents which were a proof of requirements of such disclosures. There was a clear presence of provisions of Part 6D.2 in this case since the ignorance of law could not be deemed as a valid excuse (Jade, 2017). Conclusion and Courts Decision This case saw the court considering that ASIC had to show the presence of fault elements of criminal court for getting the civil remedies for the violations of provisions of the governing act, due to the securities having being offered without a prospectors. This had been undertaken through the appeal and cross appeal of this matter (Mondo Visione, 2017). The criminal code had not been applied in this case by the court since the same had not been applied in the initial case, and this happened even when the fault elements could be regarded as the particular offence. After taking into consideration all of these issues, it was concluded by the court that the decision which had been given by the initial judge had been right for the contravention of section 727 by Gore. This led to the grounds covered under the modified notice of appeal being dismissed by the court. Thus, Gores appeal had been rejected along with the rejection of cross appeal made by ASIC. It was held by the court that the primary judge had properly reflected over the culpability of the issue; and the breaches of Corporation Act by Gore had just been a part of the grand scheme. So, the appealing party had to pay the cost of cross appeal, and vice versa (Austlii, 2017). References Austlii. (2002). ASIC v Adler and 4 Ors [2002] NSWSC 483 (30 May 2002). Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2002/483.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=asic%20v%20adler Austlii. (2017). Gore v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2017] FCAFC 13 (13 February 2017). Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/FCAFC/2017/13.html Austlii. (2018). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/director-resource-centre/organisation-type/organisation-definitions Australian Government. (2018) Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 Cassidy, J. (2006). Concise Corporations Law. 5th ed. NSW: The Federation Press. Davies, P.S. (2015). Accessory Liability. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Haarsma Lawyers. (2009). Case Study - Misleading and Deceptive Conduct - Yorke v Lucas - Oct 6, 2009. Retrieved from: https://www.haarsma.com.au/news/1359 High Court of Australia. (2018). Giorgianni v The Queen. Retrieved from: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/showbyHandle/1/233522 Jade. (2017). Gore v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2017] FCAFC 13. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/article/520906 Jade. (2018a). Yorke v Lucas. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/article/67232 Jade. (2018b). Giorgianni v R. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/article/67192 Justis. (2018). ASIC v Adler 4 Ors 2002. Retrieved from: https://app.justis.com/case/asic-v-adler-4-ors/overview/c5CJn0CdnXWca Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Macredie, R. (2017). Gore v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2017] FCAFC 13. Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/gore-v-australian-securities-investments-commission-2017-macredie Mondo Visione. (2017). ASIC: Application Of Criminal Code In Civil Proceedings Under Corporations. Retrieved from: https://www.mondovisione.com/media-and-resources/news/asic-application-of-criminal-code-in-civil-proceedings-under-corporations-act/ WIPO. (2015). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=370817

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Stance Taken by The Speaker

Question: Write an essay onstance taken by the speaker with regards to immigration not being a solution to the problem of global poverty. Answer: I agree with the stance taken by the speaker with regards to immigration not being a solution to the problem of global poverty. The primary reason for supporting the stance stems from the fact that the global poor who earn less than $2 a day and reside in nations that do not have strong social security arrangements in place, do not have a chance to migrate to USA and alter their economic situation. The 1 million legal immigrants that do migrate from the poor countries to the US are the ones that have a better education and are much better off compared to these people. As a result, immigration to US and other rich countries does not provide a solution to the global poverty issue. This is primarily because immigration as a choice is not available to the poor people who lack skills and knowledge as these would act as a burden to the US infrastructure without adding to the output. Immigration on the other hand aggravates the global poverty issue since it results in brain drain and thus s trips these poor nations of the talented individuals who eventually may bring change into these societies. Further, increasing the immigrants into US would not provide solution to global poverty since the global poor are growing at a higher rate and it is impossible to accommodate these numbers into US. Thus, it is imperative that instead of looking as immigration as a solution, we need to approach these people in their countries of residence to make a tangible difference.