Sample Question

Sample Question 5312 Fall 2009 Student:___________________________________________________________________ 1. Corporate governance include concerns about: A. business ethics and social responsibility. B. the responsibilities of the board of directors. C. equitable treatment of stakeholders. D. disclosures and transparency. E. all of the above. 2. The most powerful corporate governance legislation to date has been: A. the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002. B. the creation of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. C. Corporate Ethics Code of 2005. D. the regulation of inventory management practices by the SEC. . The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 does not specifically prohibit an independent auditor from performing the following non-audit function(s) for an audit client: A. financial information systems design and implementation. B. internal audit outsourcing services. C. tax services. D. â€Å"expert† services. E. SOX specifically prohibits an independent audi tor from performing all of all of the non-audit services for an audit client. 4. Which is the following descriptions is not one of the â€Å"Seven Financial Shenanigans† identified by Howard Schilit and listed in Exhibit 10-1: A. ecording revenue too soon or that is of a questionable quality. B. boosting income with one-time gains. C. failing to record intangible assets which the company has ownership rights to. D. shifting future expenses to the current period as a special charge. E. failing to record or improperly reducing liabilities. 5. The explanatory notes to the financial statements: A. should be referred to if more than a cursory, and perhaps misleading impression of a firm's financial position and its results of operations is to be achieved. B. are not an integral part of the financial statements. C. nclude a great deal of detailed information that is potentially useful only to a financial analyst making a detailed appraisal of the future prospects of the entity. D. are used by many entities to hide information from the reader of the financial statements by including in the explanatory notes information that should be shown in detail on the financial statements themselves. 6. The nature and content of disclosures relate to all of the following except: A. accounting changes. B. segment information. C. fair market value. D. contingencies and commitments. E. events subsequent to the balance sheet date. . Which of the following is nota topic that is likely to be discussed as a significant accounting policy? A. Depreciation method. B. Earnings per share of common stock calculation details. C. Inventory valuation method. D. Method of estimating uncollectible accounts receivable. 8. The explanatory notes to the financial statements: A. are not an integral part of the financial statements. B. explain the significant accounting policies of the company. C. usually disclose the amount of the company's bad debts expense. D. describe management's product de velopment plans for the coming year. 9.Significant accounting policies are described in the explanatory notes to the financial statements because: A. there isn't enough space for them to be included in the captions of the financial statements. B. if the accrual basis of accounting is used, â€Å"matching† of revenues and expenses may not take place. C. the reader must be aware of which of the alternative generally accepted accounting practices have been used. D. none of the above. 10. When an entity changes its accounting from one generally accepted method to another generally accepted method: A. financial statements of all prior years are changed to maintain comparability. B. n explanatory note stating that the change was approved by the Financial Accounting Standards Board is required. C. the dollar effect of the change on both the balance sheet and income statement must be disclosed. D. changes like this are not permitted. 11. The impact of changing price levels on amounts reported in financial statements is: A. reported as a separate item on the balance sheet. B. accomplished by reporting assets at their replacement cost. C. required to be described in the explanatory notes to the financial statements. D. encouraged, but not required to be described in the explanatory notes to the financial statements. 2. Management's statement of responsibility: A. explains that the entity's financial statements are the responsibility of the entity's auditors. B. states that the financial statements are free of significant error. C. affirms that management is responsible for assuring adherence to internal control policies and procedures. D. guarantees that the firm has operated in a highly ethical manner. 13. Firms that issue registered securities are required to file, with the SEC on an annual basis, which of the following? A. An annual report. B. A prospectus. C. A form 10-K. D. A set of financial statements. E.All of the above. 14. A firm's cash dividends were $ 3. 96 per share of common stock for calendar 2006. In 2007 the stock was split 3 for 1, and in 2008 a 10% stock dividend was issued. Dividends per share for 2006, to be reported in the firm's annual report for 2008, are: A. $3. 96 B. $1. 45 C. $1. 32 D. $1. 20 15. Business segment information is included in the explanatory notes to financial statements because: A. the amounts shown on the financial statements of most companies are just too large to comprehend. B. current and potential investors can make more informed judgments about the company. C. et income from various geographic areas can be clearly determined. D. by combining these amounts for each segment, ROI and funds flows for the company as a whole can be determined. 16. For 2006, Skresso Co. reported $3. 64 of earnings per share of common stock. During 2007 the firm had a 4% common stock dividend. 2006 earnings per share to be reported in the annual report for 2007 are: A. $3. 79 B. $3. 64 C. $3. 50 D. $3. 49 17. Managemen t's statement of responsibility: A. usually refers to the company's system of internal controls. B. emphasizes that the auditors are responsible for the financial statements. C. ncludes a disclaimer of responsibility for the level of the P/E ratio of the company's common stock. D. gives the president of the company an opportunity to explain why profits changed. 18. Which of the following is the proper paragraph sequence for an independent Auditor's Report? A. Scope, introduction, opinion. B. Introduction, scope, opinion. C. Opinion, scope, summary. D. Introduction, opinion, scope. 19. A firm's independent auditors have the responsibility to: A. assess the firm's accounting policies. B. ascertain the firm's profit potential. C. uncover all fraudulent activities. D. assess management's discussion and analysis. 0. The independent auditors' report usually: A. presents a â€Å"clean bill of health† for the company. B. refers to the quality of the company's products or services. C. includes an opinion that the financial statements are correct. D. includes an opinion that the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, financial information about the company. 21. An audit conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards includes each of the following except: A. examination, on a test basis, of evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. B. valuation of the efficiency and effectiveness of management. C. assessment of the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management. D. planning and performance of the audit to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatements. 22. Which one of the following methods is no longer a Generally Accepted Accounting Method? A. Purchase accounting. B. Fair market value method. C. Pooling method. D. None of the Above. 23. Which of the following require an explanatory note in the independent auditors' report. A. basing the opinion on the work of another auditor.B. Uncertainties about the outcome of a significant event that would have affected the presentation of the financial statement. C. Substantial doubt about the entity's viability to continue as a going concern. D. None of the above. E. Items a, b and c are correct. 24. A management that wanted to increase the financial leverage of its firm would: A. raise additional capital by selling common stock. B. use excess cash to purchase preferred stock for the treasury. C. raise additional capital by selling fixed interest rate long-term bonds. D. try to increase its ROI by increasing asset turnover. 25.For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, a company reported earnings per share of $3. 25 and cash dividends per share of $0. 50. During fiscal 2008, the company had a 3 for 2 stock split. In the annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, earnings per share and cash dividends for fiscal 2007 would be reported, respecti vely, as: A. $3. 25 and $0. 50 B. $4. 85 and $0. 75 C. $2. 17 and $0. 33 D. $1. 09 and $0. 17 26. Financial leverage: A. arises because most borrowed funds have a fixed interest rate. B. arises because most borrowed funds have a variable interest rate. C. usually has no bearing on the risk associated with a company.D. is a concept that does not apply to individuals. 27. A potential creditor's judgment about granting credit would be most influenced by the potential customer's: A. current ratio at the end of the prior fiscal year. B. most recent acid-test ratio. C. trend of acid-test ratio over the past three years. D. practice with respect to taking cash discounts offered by current suppliers. 28. Another term for the price/earnings ratio is: A. cost ratio. B. sales multiple. C. earnings multiple. D. profit ratio. 29. An entity's current ratio will be influenced by: A. the inventory cost flow assumption used. B. riting off an overdue account receivable against the allowance for uncol lectible accounts. C. the depreciation method used. D. issuance of a stock dividend. 30. If a firm's debt ratio were 25%, its debt/equity ratio would be: A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 33. 33%. D. 75%. 31. An individual interested in making a judgment about the profitability of a company should: A. review the trend of working capital for several years. B. calculate the company's ROI for the most recent year. C. review the trend of the company's ROI for several years. D. compare the company's ROI for the most recent year with the industry average ROI for the most recent year. 2. Which of the following is not a category of financial statement ratios? A. Financial leverage. B. Liquidity. C. Profitability. D. Prospectus. 33. When a firm has financial leverage: A. ROI will be greater than ROE. B. ROI will usually be less than it would be without leverage. C. risk is greater than if there isn't any leverage. D. the firm will always have a higher ROE than it would without leverage. 34. When a corporat ion has both common stock and preferred stock outstanding: A. dividends on preferred stock are paid only if the company has current earnings. B. ividends on preferred stock must be paid before dividends on common stock can be paid. C. preferred stockholders receive the same dividend per share as common stockholders. D. dividends on preferred stock are paid only if dividends are to be paid on the common stock. 35. A leverage buyout refers to: A. one firm issues stock to take over another firm. B. one firm trades its stock for the stock of another firm. C. a firm goes heavily into debt in order to obtain the funds to purchase the shares of the public stockholders. D. one firm pays cash for the shares of a takeover firm's shares. 36.The dividend payout ratio describes: A. the proportion of earnings paid as dividends. B. the relationship of dividends per share to market price per share. C. the percentage change in dividends this year compared to last year. D. dividends as a percentage o f the price/earnings ratio. 37. The price/earnings ratio: A. is a measure of the relative expensiveness of a firm's common stock. B. does not usually change by more than 1. 0 (e. g. 8. 2 to 9. 2) during the year. C. can be used to determine the cash dividend to be received during the year. D. is calculated by dividing the earnings multiple by net income. 38.If a firm's payment terms for sales made on account to its customers were 2/10, n30, the number of days' sales in accounts receivable would be expected to be: A. less than 10. B. between 10 and 25. C. between 25 and 40. D. over 40. 39. A common size income statement: A. uses the same dollar amount of revenues for each year. B. expresses items as a percentage of revenues. C. makes comparisons between years more difficult. D. is useful in estimating the impact of inflation. 40. Management's use of resources can best be evaluated by focusing on measures of: A. liquidity. B. activity. C. leverage. D. book value. 41.Asset turnover cal culations: A. are made by dividing the average asset balance during the year by the sales for the year. B. are made by dividing sales for the year by the asset balance at the end of the year. C. communicate information about how promptly the entity pays its bills. D. should be evaluated by observing the turnover trend over a period of time. 42. The comparison of activity measures of different companies is complicated by the fact that: A. different inventory cost flow assumptions may be used. B. dollar amounts of assets may be significantly different. C. only one of the companies may have preferred stock outstanding.D. the number of shares of common stock issued may be significantly different. 43. A higher P/E ratio means that: A. the stock is more reasonably priced. B. the stock is relatively expensive. C. investors are wary of the stock. D. earnings are expected to decrease. 44. Which of the following is(are) an example of a measure of leverage? A. Debt yield. B. Debt payout ratio. C. Preferred dividend coverage ratio. D. Debt/equity ratio. E. All of the above. 45. The inventory turnover calculation: A. is wrong unless cost of goods sold is used in the numerator. B. is wrong unless sales is used in the numerator. C. s an alternative way of expressing the number of days' sales in inventory. D. requires knowledge of the inventory cost flow assumption being used. 46. Book value per share of common stock of a manufacturing company: A. is not a very useful measure most of the time. B. is calculated by dividing market value per share by earnings per share. C. reflects the fair market value of the company's stock. D. is the same as the total balance sheet asset value per share of common stock. 47. If the P/E ratio of a company's common stock were 12, and its earnings were $ 2. 50 per common share: A. the market value of the common stock would be $20. 3 per share. B. the market value of the common stock would be $25. 00 per share. C. an increase in earnings of $0. 20 per share, with no change in the multiple, would result in a market price increase of $2. 40 per share. D. an increase in earnings of $0. 20 per share, with no change in the multiple, would result in a market price increase of $1. 67 per share. 48. The concept of operating leverage refers to which of the following? A. Operating income changes proportionately more than revenues for any given change in activity level. B. Operating income changes proportionately less than revenues for any given change in activity level.C. Operating income changes proportionately more than income for any given change in activity level. D. Operating income changes proportionately less than income for any given change in activity level. 49. As the total volume of activity changes: A. the total of variable costs changes. B. the total of fixed costs changes. C. variable costs per unit change. D. fixed costs per unit stay the same. 50. A firm has revenues of $120,000, a contribution margin ratio of 30%, and fixed expenses that total $56,000. If revenues increase $20,000, then: A. operating income will increase by $6000. B. operating income will be 0.C. fixed expenses will increase $8000. D. the contribution margin ratio will increase by 1/8. 51. Each of a company's several product lines has a different contribution margin ratio. Total sales in 2007 were 20% higher than total sales in 2006. Total contribution margin for 2007 will be: A. the same as it was in 2006, regardless of changes in sales mix. B. 20% higher than it was in 2006, regardless of changes in sales mix. C. more than 20% higher than it was in 2006, if the sales mix changes and proportionately more high contribution margin ratio products are sold in 2007 than in 2006. D. ess than 20% higher than it was in 2006, if the sales mix changes and proportionately more high contribution margin ratio products are sold in 2007 than in 2006. For questions 52, 53, 66, 79 and 84 the following graph is needed. [pic] 52. If sales volume were to decrease 10%, from 4,000 units per month to 3,600 units per month, operating income would: A. not change B. decrease $10,000 C. decrease $24,000 D. decrease $40,000 53. If the selling price per unit were to drop $2, from $100 to $98, the sales volume were to increase 500 units to 4,500 units per month, and advertising expense were to increase by $1,000: A. he break-even point would increase. B. the break-even point would decrease. C. the contribution margin ratio would increase. D. operating income would decrease. 54. The cost of a single unit of production in excess of the breakeven point in units is: A. its fixed cost and variable cost. B. its fixed cost only. C. its variable cost only. D. none of the above. For questions 55 and 64 the following graph is needed. [pic] 55. Using the high-low method, the variable rate for maintenance is: A. $0. 40 B. $0. 80 C. $1. 20 D. $2. 50 56. The term â€Å"relevant range† refers to: A. the range of activity where costs will fluc tuate. B. he range of activity where fixed costs change as activity changes. C. the range of activity where total variable cost remains constant as activity changes. D. the range of activity where cost relationships are valid. 57. A firm's products have an average contribution margin ratio of 40%, which will be maintained for the next month even though fixed expenses are expected to rise by $20,000. In order to keep operating income for the month from being affected, revenues will have to increase by: A. $ 8,000 B. $12,000 C. $20,000 D. $50,000 58. The cost formula for monthly customer order processing cost has been established as $100 + $0. 5 per order. It is expected that 5,600 orders will be processed in May and 6,400 in June. Total order processing costs for May and June combined will be estimated to be: A. $ 940 B. $1,060 C. $2,000 D. $2,500 59. The contribution margin ratio always decreases when the: A. breakeven point decreases. B. fixed expenses increase. C. selling price in creases and the variable costs remain constant. D. variable cost increase and the selling price remains constant. 60. Knowledge about the behavior pattern of a cost is important to understanding the effect on net income of a change in sales volume because as sales volume changes: A. et income will change proportionately. B. the effect on net income will depend on the behavior pattern of various costs. C. fixed costs will rise proportionately. D. variable costs will not change. 61. Management accounting is: A. a highly technical subject that people in personnel or engineering should not be expected to understand. B. performed by individuals who seldom work with people in other functional areas of the organization. C. the principal activity involved in determining the goals and objectives of the entity. D. an activity that gets involved with virtually all of the other functional areas of the organization. 62.What percentage of the contribution margin is profit on units sold in excess of the breakeven point? A. It's 50% to the contribution margin ratio. B. It's equal to the variable cost ratio. C. It's equal of the gross profit ratio. D. It's 100%. 63. ABU Co. has several products, each with a different contribution margin ratio. If the same number of units were sold in July as in June, but the sales mix changed: A. operating income would be the same in June and July. B. fixed expenses in July would be in a different relevant range than in June. C. the company's overall contribution margin ratio would be the same in June and July.D. total contribution margin in July would be different from that in June. 64. Using the high-low method, the monthly fixed component of maintenance cost is: A. $1,600 B. $1,200 C. $1,100 D. $1,300 65. When the cost behavior pattern has been identified as fixed at a certain volume of activity: A. any change in volume will probably cause the cost to change. B. it is appropriate to express the cost on a per unit of activity basis. C. the t otal cost will not change even if the volume of activity changes substantially. D. the total cost may change if the volume of activity changes substantially. 66.The break-even point volume of units is: A. 0 B. 360 C. 720 D. 1000 67. An example of a cost likely to have a fixed behavior pattern is: A. sales force commission. B. production labor wages. C. advertising cost. D. electricity cost for packaging equipment. 68. The formula for expressing the total of a fixed, variable, or mixed cost at any level of activity is: A. total cost = fixed cost + (variable rate * volume of activity) B. total cost = fixed cost * volume of activity C. total cost = fixed cost * variable rate D. total cost = fixed cost – variable cost 69. As the level of activity decreases: A. fixed cost per unit decrease.B. variable cost per unit decrease. C. fixed cost remains constant in total. D. variable cost remains constant in total. 70. The contribution margin format income statement is organized by: A. r esponsibility centers. B. functional classifications. C. sales territories. D. cost behavior classifications. 71. As the level of activity increases: A. fixed cost per unit increase. B. variable cost per unit increase. C. variable cost per unit decrease. D. fixed cost per unit decrease. 72. Managerial accounting supports the management process most significantly by: A. measuring and reporting financial results after the fact.B. determining the goals and objectives of the entity. C. providing estimates of financial results for various plans. D. establishing operating policies to be followed during a period of time. 73. An example of a cost that is likely to have a variable behavior pattern is: A. sales force salaries. B. depreciation of production equipment. C. salaries of production supervisors. D. production labor wages. 74. A 10% change in a firm's revenues is likely to result in a change of more than 10% in the firm's operating income because: A. not all of the firm's costs will change in proportion to the revenue change.B. the firm has financial leverage. C. the contribution margin ratio will change in proportion to the revenue change. D. only fixed expenses will change in proportion to the revenue change. 75. An example of a cost likely to have a mixed behavior pattern is: A. sales force commission. B. raw material cost. C. depreciation of production equipment. D. electricity cost for the manufacturing plant. 76. Cost behavior refers to: A. costs that are both good and bad. B. costs that increase at a quicker rate than others. C. costs that decrease at a quicker rate than others. D. costs that are variable or fixed. E. one of the above. 77. Which of the following statements doesnot describe a characteristic of management accounting? A. Management accounting must conform to GAAP. B. Approximate amounts rather than accurate amounts or refined estimates are often used in management accounting. C. Management accounting places a great deal of emphasis on the f uture. D. Management accounting is more concerned with units of the organization rather than with the organization as a whole. 78. Simplifying assumptions made when using cost behavior pattern data include: A. relevant range and liquidity. B. fixed activity and linearity.C. relevant range and linearity. D. activity range and variability. 79. The contribution margin ratio is: A. 40% B. 60% C. 62. 5% D. 70% 80. Which of the following terms do not appear on the contribution margin format income statement: A. gross profit. B. contribution margin. C. operating income. D. variable expenses. 81. A management decision that would have a long term influence on the operating leverage of a firm would be: A. increasing the advertising budget. B. substituting robots for hourly paid production workers. C. increasing prices in proportion to raw material cost increases.D. having a season-end sale of seasonal products. 82. Which of the following activities is not part of the management planning and c ontrol cycle: A. data collection and performance feedback. B. implementation of plans. C. providing information to investors and creditors. D. revisiting plans. 83. The relevant range concept refers to: A. a firm's range of profitability. B. a firm's range of sales. C. a firm's range of rates of return. D. a firm's range of activity. 84. The break-even point in terms of total revenues per month is: A. $30,000 B. $60,000 C. $75,000 D. $100,000 85.When the high-low method of estimating a cost behavior pattern is used: A. cost and volume data must be reviewed for outliers. B. the direct result of the high-low calculations is the fixed expense amount. C. the highest and lowest sales price and volume amounts are used in the calculation. D. the resulting cost formula will explain total cost accurately for every value between the high and low volumes. 86. The shift in the amount of manufacturing overhead costs applied to the mix of products produced that occurs when using a single cost dri ver rate as compared to using activity-based costing rates is known as: A. nderapplied overhead B. overapplied overhead C. cost absorption D. cost distortion 87. An excess of cost of goods manufactured over cost of goods sold for the period represents: A. an increase in gross profit. B. a decrease in work in process inventory. C. overapplied manufacturing overhead. D. an increase in finished goods inventory. 88. A predetermined overhead rate is used to: A. keep track of actual overhead costs as they are incurred. B. assign indirect costs to cost objects. C. establish prices for manufactured products. D. allocate selling and administrative expenses to manufactured products. 9. Which of the following will cause income determined with absorption costing to be higher than income determined with direct costing? A. units produced equals units sold. B. units produced is greater than units sold. C. units produced is less than units sold. D. income determined with absorption costing will alw ays equal income determined with direct costing. 90. The overhead component of product cost is: A. the sum of the actual overhead costs incurred in the manufacture of the product. B. likely to be the same amount for every product made by the company. C. n estimated amount based on labor hours, machine hours, or some other activity. D. determined at the end of the year when actual costs and actual production are known. 91. For the partial value chain functions given below, which sequence is correct? A. design, production, marketing B. marketing, production, distribution C. research and development, production, distribution D. customer service, marketing, distribution 92. Total manufacturing costs for the month on the statement of costs of goods manufactured equals: A. variable costs + fixed costs + mixed costs. B. work in process inventory – finished goods inventory.C. cost of goods sold – cost of goods manufactured. D. cost of raw material used + direct labor cost incu rred + manufacturing overhead applied. 93. An example of a cost likely to have an indirect relationship with products being manufactured: A. production labor costs. B. raw material costs. C. electricity costs for packaging equipment. D. none of the above. 94. Costs may be allocated to a product or activity for many purposes, but care must be exercised when using allocated costs because: A. direct costs identified with the product or activity may not be accurately assigned.B. fixed costs will change in total if the volume of activity changes. C. all costs may not have been allocated to the product or activity. D. arbitrarily allocated costs may not behave in the way assumed in the allocation method. 95. The production cost of a single unit of a manufactured product is determined by: A. dividing total direct materials and direct labor for a production run by the number of units made. B. dividing total direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead for a production run by t he number of units made. C. ividing total direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead and selling expenses for a production run by the number of units made. D. dividing the selling price by the gross profit ratio. 96. An example of a cost that is likely to have a direct relationship with products being manufactured: A. sales force salaries. B. depreciation of production equipment. C. salaries of production supervisors. D. production labor costs. 97. The sequence of activities that add value to the organization are: A. the value processes. B. the chain of production events. C. the value chain. D. the strategic cost initiatives. 8. Which of the following activities is not included in the organization's value chain? A. marketing. B. finance. C. customer service. D. research and development 99. Cost accounting is a subset of: A. financial accounting. B. process cost accounting. C. job order cost accounting. D. managerial accounting. 100. The three components of product costs are: A. direct material, supervisor salaries, selling expenses. B. direct labor, manufacturing overhead, indirect material. C. direct material, manufacturing overhead, direct labor. D. manufacturing overhead, indirect material, indirect labor.

The work poem

Vive reached a bit further than half the book and I have been glued to the cover since day one. One major theme that Veronica Roth appears to be focusing on is that being yourself takes courage. She created this world where people are sorted into five factions based on a single test at the age of sixteen. In the earlier chapters, her family is shown to follow tradition and look at leaving the family in a bad way (reference). So when both Caleb and Beatrice Prior decide to choose a different faction and abandon there family, it shows the amount of courage taken.During the sorting ceremony, Beatrice scrambled thoughts moving very quickly show the bravery involved in being yourself, not only to yourself but to those around you. The story opens up with a reflection. Reflection about self Image and who you are. It stars 16 year old Beatrice Prior's curiosity in herself, which is not common for those from Vegetation. When she tries to find herself she ends up finding herself In a dangerous position, being divergent (different). Her friends, Will, AAA and Christina seem very helpful as they are somewhat outcasts (transfers) that are not with the Andorra group.Some predictions I made were that Four, one of the Dauntless Is the son of Marcus and he Is being pushed by Max to become a leader and possibly the leader of the Dauntless. I believe he may also be divergent and have the characteristics from the brave and the selfless, hence the fact that Max would Like him to be a leader. That is why the vegetation governs, because they are Incorruptible. I also predict that the reason that Divergence Is tabooed and exiled Is because they corrupt the system.Their abilities show the flaw In the system, and how his dyspepsia society and Its restricting thinking cannot be categorized. How can someone truly find themselves when they can only be sorted Into five different areas, where only one of the characteristics can be practiced. Another prediction Is a large war between the five factions. They all have complete differences (abnegation vs. erudite, dauntless vs. candor..? ) and are working together currently, but It only takes one diamond In the rough (divergent) to break the system.As It seems there are many people who become factionists, this represents poverty and homeless Iranians, they may also create an uprising Like In the Hunger Games, which Is commonly related Josh The Road Journal As I finish the first half of The Road, my Minimal thoughts are that It's a great disappoint. In terms of characters, McCarthy takes a different approach when it comes to characters. No names are given to any of the characters. However, this does not take away from character development. I am fond of the concept of a father and son as main characters.I feel as if it adds a twist on the genre and provides more of an emotional aspect to the story. Additionally, it adds a place to relate to, as everyone as experienced some form of paternal love. With regards to the characte rs themselves, The father expresses a deep love for his son. Demonstrated by him harming anyone that touches him. However, as I read on the father's health is deteriorating. I worry for their prospects of living. If the father were to die, most certainly would his son. He is too ignorant of what is happening in the world, as well as to accepting of others.Although I wouldn't like it, I feel the father will eventually die. In terms of setting, McCarthy does a tremendous Job of conveying a barren and gruesome wasteland. Although I have yet to learn the exact location, I have a good understanding of the scenery. The plot is typical of a book of such genre. The characters are trying to survive, and are Journeying down â€Å"The Road†. However, McCarthy spares no expense with regards to demonstrating the atrocities humans could commit. Certain scenes I found brutal to read, often pertaining to cannibalism. The theme of paternal love is prominent within the first section of the boo k.Considering the main characters, this theme can be expected. McCarthy makes an effort to emphasize the man's love for his son. At various points in the story it is explained that the man's entire will to live lies within his son. Before his wife committed suicide, she pointed out ; â€Å"the boy was all that stood between him and death†. The quotation explains that the only thing that prevented the man from suicide was his son. Furthermore, Despite the distaste with violence the two express, the father is quick to violence if his son is harmed. When they encounter someone who threatens to harm the boy the father does not hesitate to kill him.He expresses such thoughts when he says; † My Job is to take care of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you. Do you understand? â€Å". Throughout the story the father and son make reference to whether they are the â€Å"good guys†. They often question the actions of others and themselve s. With reading, I feel McCarthy has put emphasis on humanity and morals. They speak of â€Å"carrying the fire†, which is the term they use to describe people who are moral. If such a situation was to happen in modern civilization, what extent will people go to survive?Would people really strive to be moral in their actions, or succumb to inhumane ethos of survival? Secondly, McCarthy constantly shows the man's determination to live. Despite his sons questions on death, and his willingness to die, the man pushes on. Even despite the advice of his wife, he cannot afford to see his son die. His love for his son is too great to let him go. I think McCarthy wants us to consider what drives us. What do we love and fight for. That through love and determination people overcome the most dire of circumstances. That if a post apocalyptic scenario were to present itself would we give up on life?

Technology, Government, Entrepreneurship and their influence after Essay

Technology, Government, Entrepreneurship and their influence after world war 2 - Essay Example USA patented their commercial scale of production in 1948 and most of the pharmaceutical organizations went on to patent most of their potent antibiotics in 1950s-60s. Some of the American companies that took advantage of German Drug Patents are Winthrop Chemical Company and IG Farben. Political support was agreed upon after extensive research by numerous bodies including pharmaceutical industry, academic researchers, and government researchers. There was need to include intellectual influence on pharmaceutical companies due to dangers imposed by some drugs on patients. The government regularly sort academic physicians help while handling drug issues because they were deemed experts in the medical field. Germany experienced the most creative period between 1932 and 1945 and American scientists looted their patents after the World War II due to German’s devastation after the war. Americans had enough money to fund medical researches hence prompting them to strip off Germany inv entiveness. According to   Expert Reviews Staff World War II completely changed the world by ushering in a new technological age in the world we live now (Web). Governments invested a lot of money in research and technology to find better ways of destroying the enemy yet the eventual technology changed the way people think. During the post-world war II, pharmaceutical industry engaged itself in an extensive research as well as administrative networks with a number of bodies such as academic researchers and medical schools as well as the government and this led to a biomedical community and eventually organized medicine. There was an uppermost 300 kHz segment of world allocation of the 10-meter band from 29.7 MHz to 30MHz that was removed from amateur radio in 1947 but in 1950s, a single-sideband modulation for HF voice communication was introduced. This was followed by the launch of the first orbital amateur radio satellite (OSCAR) which was the first of series amateur radio satel lites created worldwide. Post war economy led to further expansion of the television production, which had earlier started in the decade as a means of developing radar technology. Console and tabletop models emerged and Milton Berlke and Ed Sullivan were amongst the first TV stars in the late 1940s. The 1950s later become the golden age of television because a good number of people could afford TV in their homes   (Expert Reviews Staff Web). Key Influential Entrepreneurs in the Post World War II Boyer explains that David Sarnoff was an American pioneer in the radio and television industry who migrated to the US in 1900 and worked for Marconi Wireless Company (684-685). Sarnoff proposed a radio music box in 1915, this led to the popularly known radio broadcasting, and when Radio Corporation absorbed the Marconi firm in 1921, he later became the CEO between 1947 and 1970. He contributed a lot to the development of black and white as well as compatible color TV and later served as Dw ight in World War II as a communication adviser and an active figure in public affairs where he was a spokesperson for the broadcasting industry. After the WW II Americans wanted to indulge themselves with entertainment and Sarnoff introduced a television price at $375. The sales went so high from 175, 000 in 1947 to 7 million in 1950 with almost half carrying RCA name and Sarnoff estimated that almost 47% of Americans owned television sets by 1952.

World Map of CO2 Emissions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World Map of CO2 Emissions - Essay Example United States of America ranked first then with average emissions of 19.54 metric tones/capita followed by Canada, Russia, and the UK. Developing countries like India and China lagged at the tail end then.   The Fourth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded among other things that â€Å"warming of the climate system is unequivocal† and that â€Å"anthropogenic warming over the last three decades has likely had discernible influence at the global scale on observed changes in many physical and biological systems.† The report also stated that human activities have a significant impact on climate change.   The Gross Domestic Product is one of the primary indicators calculated to assess the health of a country’s economy. It represents the total dollar value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period. According to the Environment Kuznets hypothesis, environmental pressure increases faster than the income in the early stages of development and slows down relative to GDP growth as higher income levels are reached. The EKC proposes that indicators of environmental degradation first rise, and then fall with increasing income per capita.   There are views supporting and criticizing this theory. Those views supporting it emphasize that the curve exists through it is becoming smaller in nature and shifting to the left(revised EKC) whereas those criticizing it argues that even if certain pollutants are reduced as income increases, industrial society continuously creates new, unregulated and potentially toxic pollutants.

Leadership and Organisational Development Style Essay

Leadership and Organisational Development Style - Essay Example This culture has been described by Hofstede (1983) as akin to a "mental programming" is shared among persons from similar backgrounds. Hofstede has shown that cultures differ in the way they view and interpret the world. Therefore, the management of persons within these cultures can often differ as well. In fact, Hofstede further points out that one should not take for granted that management and leadership methods that work in one cultural arena will do as well in another (1983). In a multicultural society, it is necessary that managers and leaders become aware of the different dimensions of employees and/or followers that exist. It is also necessary that they study the different theories of management and leadership in order to gain insight into how to deal with the different personalities and cultures that are (or might be) represented in their leadership arena (2005). The study of each method of management therefore adds to the repertoire of options a manager and leader possesses to aid in dealing with different situations that may arise. He or she may not use all the knowledge at once, but the acquisition of this knowledge leaves the manager or leader more equipped to deal with situations as employees, followers, and their situations as they change with time. Overview of Oprah Winfrey's Style The leadership style of Oprah Winfrey has demonstrated that these theories and models of leadership often put forth such well-defined characteristics of leadership that few (if any) persons could fit into any one model. Winfrey owns and manages Harpo Productions Inc., a conglomerate that contains her own talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show, as well as Dr. Phil and other television movies. Among other ventures, she also manages the publishing of the successful magazine O and is part-owner of the Oxygen Media, which houses, among other things, a cable network (Sellers, 2002). As manager of so many different business entities, she acts a leader to her hundreds of employees. This queen of talk shows and businesswoman extraordinaire evinces a style of leadership that comes closest to the Transformational Leadership Model, as this model is expressed through combination of the traits of several other theories. Yet, certain transitional periods of her tenure as leader of Harpo Productions have caused her to demonstrate traces of many of the other theories of leadership. This study will provide an analysis of her leadership style within the framework of the different sectors of her conglomerate. Analysis of Oprah Winfrey's Leadership Style: Transformational Theory Trait Theories The Transformational Theory of leadership is known to mix some aspects of Trait Theory with the behavioural theories. Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe (2005) reviewed the leadership styles of over 3,500 leaders at varying levels of the corporate hierarchy. These researchers found that a model emerged that at once supported and went beyond the Transformation model and led to the development of a "360-degree" Transformational Leadership instrument (questionnaire). The instrument was found

Innovative Stanislavsky's System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Innovative Stanislavsky's System - Case Study Example Alekseyev Circle was the name of their family’s acting troupe. Kostya was an outstanding actor in this troupe. Later on, the actor’s wanderings resulted in the establishment of the Moscow Amateur Music-Dramatic Circle. He united with famous Russian actors and questioned his own acting abilities. His main concern was focused on considerations of director actor’s mutual understanding of their common ideas. He was focused on imagination’s development. He claimed that it was necessary to appeal to personal emotions and then project them on a character. At this point, the initial stage of his system was established. Kostya got married to Maria Perevoshchikova in 1889 and they went together throughout their life as partners and workmates (Merlin, 2003). On every stage of his life, Stanislavsky worked hard at the embodiment of his system into life. For example, he followed a piece of advice of his favorite actor of 19th century Mikhail Shchepkin. The latter claimed that in order to be an outstanding actor, it is necessary to take examples from the actor’s personal life. Having followed this instruction, Stanislavsky when he played Othello, turned his attention to an Arab, his friend from Paris. External imitation was good, but this character was hollow inside. At this point, Stanislavsky was very much concerned about the following question: â€Å"When does an actor become the character? And how does the actor observe life and then turn those observations into creative will, or inspiration?† (Merlin, 2003). Nevertheless, instead of truthful psychological portrait, a skillful sculpture emerged. It may seem weird, why Stanislavsky paid so much attention to psychological portrait?

C2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

C2 - Essay Example The K-12 reform in education was a significant move towards improvement in the country’s higher education system (Bahry and Marr, 2005). It was meant to promote post-secondary education through scholarships, which are important in supporting the students who might be ambitious and capable to learn but are unable to pay the tuition fees. There were also strategies aimed at promoting higher education in Qatar to world class level, which included encouraging prestigious global institutions to establish in the country. Qatar University was restructured to conform to the modern requirements of higher education institutions. In all the reforms, women and men were accorded equal opportunities for education. Affirmative action encouraged women to take advantage of the reforms, which led to the emergence of an educated population of women ready to take up challenging roles in healthcare, legal profession, business and other economic activities (Goldman et al. 2007). Without limitations as to the sex that should be educated, boys and girls are competing on equal grounds, which have made it possible for women to outcompete men in higher education. Bahry and Marr (2005) noted that there is high retention of girls in schools than it is for boys. The number of girls who are completing secondary level is therefore higher than boys. Moreover, studies indicate that girls are passing exams without special treatment (Planning Council, 2005). Opportunities for boys are many since some employers are still clinging to the conventional believes, which might be the reason for boys to discontinue with education in favor of unskilled labor. On the other hand, such tendencies are motivating girls to continue to higher education for the reason that there are no employment opportunities for them in the unskilled low paying labor intensive jobs. The women who are therefore joining various professions in the country are

Ethics - Abu Ghraib Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ethics - Abu Ghraib - Essay Example military officials and other parties who are directly and indirectly involve in the Abu Ghraib case. Despite the unethical treatment over the Abu Ghraib detainees, the U.S. court of justice is left with no other choice but to grant absolute immunity over the accused individuals. In relation to the controversial issues between ethics and legal processes in the Abu Ghraib case, the conflicting issues between the U.S. military chain of command and the executive power vested on the U.S. president in ruling the U.S. military group of army will be tackled in details. Going through this study will enable the readers have a better understanding why it is difficult to legally punish people who are behind the physical, mental, and sexual abuse on detainees. In this study, a summary of the Abu Ghraib prison scandal will first be described followed by tackling issues regarding the legal and ethical issues behind the Abu Ghraib prison scandal. Eventually, things that I would have done if I am in Abu Ghraib including the rationale and ethical concerns behind my perceived actions will be provided in details. Physical evidences composed of 279 photos and 19 related videos revealed that the Abu Ghraib prison scandal is a serious case which involves cruel physical and psychological abuse such as torture, sodomy, and homicide on prisoners (Benjamin 2009; Scherer and Benjamin 2006). Sexual abuse and humiliation such as forcing the prisoners to masturbate in public or walk around the correctional facility of Baghdad in Iraq naked were seen on photos and videos gathered by the Army’s Criminal Investigation Division (CID) (Benjamin 2009; Hersh 2007). Several reports revealed that the Abu Ghraib prison scandal was committed by the U.S. military personnel together with other government agencies (OGA) who is in-charge of conducting an independent military chain of command (Benjamin

Consultancy project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Consultancy project - Essay Example PESTEL generally refers to Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis. In this case, the political aspect entails the degree in which the state intervene the economy of the industry(Doole 2012, 46).In most cases, the political factors entail the labor laws, political stability, tax policy, tariffs, trade restrictions and environmental laws. In the Spanish catering business, these factors play a key role in influencing and controlling the business. Being a food industry or business, the political aspect in this case will be based on the business health regulations that relate to the preparation of food. There would be a close-scrutiny by the state on the aspect of how clean the food is (Doole 2012, 48).The Spanish government plays a key role in influencing the health aspect in the catering industry. Alternatively, other factors such as labor laws and tax rates also affect the Spanish catering business. Economic factors in the Spanish catering business include the exchange rates, interest rates and the economic growth. These factors are of great benefit in this industry. This is because the catering industry depends on people’s disposable income in order to spend in the industry (Doole 2012, 54).Alternatively, the economic growth, inflation rate and the interests’ rates determines how the catering industry makes its decisions and operates. Some of the economic factors, which affect other businesses including capital costs and market inflation, will also influence the Spanish catering business (Doole 2012, 60). Social factors of the Spanish catering business will play a key role on the business. In most cases, the social factors include the health consciousness and the cultural aspects, emphasis on safety, age distribution and the population growth. In this case, the trends in the social factors would to affect the business demands for the catering services. It will also affect how the catering

Interest groups and Political parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interest groups and Political parties - Essay Example Common good can be referred to as the goodness of an event or a phenomenon that is shared by all communities of a given society. Thus, keeping in view the roles played by interest groups and political parties, it can be stated that both the groups are conducive in working towards common good of a particular society and those elements which make up that society. However, this statement holds certain pre conditions, i.e. the interest groups are not self centered and political parties do not strive for gaining power only over all others. In other words, it is the intent behind the formation of these groups which comes into play and is considered extremely important. Motives, actions and desires yield goodness as long as the driving force behind them remains noble. Same is the case with interest groups and political parties. The reason of stating that the two set of groups are conducive in attaining or working towards the common good is that these groups provide a platform to the general public around through which people can raise their voices, share their opinions, take part in decision making process, highlight their concerns and problems and reach such decisions which are acceptable and beneficial for all. In this regard, work of Rousseau holds a special place. According to him, people should be "sovereign" and the government should only be there to implement laws. He believed that laws shall be enacted by direct democracy, which followed that each person should directly be involved in law making through a platform.

Learning Visual Basic Essay Example for Free

Learning Visual Basic Essay Visual Basic was a learning challenge for me. After my first assignment, I started learning from my mistakes and eventually started understanding a little more at a time. Having already learned a few basics in Web Development coding, Visual Basic was quite a bit different in programming language. Visual Basic is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to create and modify code that is written in a basic programming language. There are different ways to use code in Visual Basic to make time more manageable by using less lines of code. During Class we learned how to convert algorithms to programs using input, output, variables, and looping. By reading flowcharts, hierarchy charts, and pseudo code a person can analyze and process the steps on how a program is to run. There was also a discussion on the different data types and how to use them. There are 11 data types used in Visual Basic and they are: * Boolean * Byte * Currency * Data * Double * Integer * Long * Object * Single * String * Variant Using Windows Form Applications, various input/output boxes were designed and rogrammed to run by setting up variables using expressions and operators. Visual Basic could be an asset in the future as I pursue a career in Computer Science or programming. I believe this course will help by adding to the accumulating skills and could be used to open many opportunities in the Information Technology field. Learning to analyze and make decisions on various programs and their creation, Visual Basic could aid in understanding different coding concepts that may be familiar or similar.

What is Segmentation Targeting and Positioning

What is Segmentation Targeting and Positioning As we studied the definition of marketing as understanding customer needs and working to satisfy their needs, but different customers have different tastes, needs, and wants. That means they do not want same products and services, hence the need of dividing the market comes into the picture.Finding potential market which has potential customer and satisfies organisational goal i.e. profit is done in dividing market or in other words Market Segmentation. Products or services offered by organisation should be landed off at right place. Segmentation emerges as a need for marketing managers when it is needed to make their product at right place. The concept of segmentation was introduced in 1956 by Smith, who defined it as viewing a heterogeneous market (one characterised bydivergent demand) as several smaller homogeneous markets [JOURNAL OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT, 2009, Vol. 25, No. 3-4, pp. 357-373 ISSN0267-257X print /ISSN1472-1376 online  © Westburn Publishers Ltd.] Obviously managers may wish to understand customers requirements in order to target product offerings and/or promotional messages but, as Hackley (2005, p. 15) observes, in many organisations segmentation becomes a defaultactivity. It is not possible to target everyone and some criteria have to be applied todivide consumers into manageable categories. [JOURNAL OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT, 2009, Vol. 25, No. 3-4, pp. 253-272 ISSN0267-257X print /ISSN1472-1376 online  © Westburn Publishers Ltd.] For instance, people who buy steel lintels in Japan use them in very similar ways to buyers of steel lintels in Germany. These similarities in the use of products have led many business-to-business marketers down the road of convenience segmentation i.e. a group of customers in France would be treated the same as a group of customers in Spain, except that the first group is spoken to in French and the second in Spanish. In other words, language is the criteria for segmentation and not needs. [Corporateauthor: by b2b marketing] Markets can be segmented in different way as there is array of option and no single prescribed way. There are three broader groups in which market can be segmented: Behavioural, Psychographic, Profile. Behavioural Variables: This variable is applied when the people in the market seek for products which benefit orientated. This variable include benefit sought, purchase occasion, purchase behaviour, usage, perceptions and beliefs. These included variables are applied for different products of parent companies before segmenting the market. Psychographic variables: This variable suggests grouping customers on their lifestyle and personality. These include lifestyle and personality. Profile Variables: this variable extends the study in depth to reach customers very efficiently. This includes age, gender, lifecycle, social class, income, geographic, and geo-demographic.The main reason being the modes of reaching customer are defined in this variable i.e. readership or viewership in different location, different age/gender, different income groups etc. Tyre industry segmentation process is simple and narrow because of less variety of parent products. Michelin had segmented its products on basis of utilization based on automotive industry. Their products and services have been widely segmented according to use and demographic. Their main emphasis is on demographic locations which clearly define that requirements are different for different areas. Michelin has divided its products and services globally as core product, value added services, innovation drive and engineering services. Core products include tires for different segments of use and requirement. Following figure illustrates Michelin product classification: [SOURCE: BERNSTEIN ANALYSIS, EUROPEAN TIRE MAKERS: SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS ,] [SOURCE: CORPORATE HOST, JANAURY 2004, MICHELIN PERFORMANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY] Above diagram illustrates organisation of Michelin product lines into different areas of activity, with its own marketing, production and sales force. Special activities such as Digital Maps are handled by VIAMICHELIN and other accessories products in LIFESTYLE. Market segmentation of Michelin has done is as shown below: Targeting is mainly done using three broad strategies: Mass Marketing is way in which instead of analysing the differences of customers want we analyse similarities whichever may be the market segment. According to history of marketing, in early 19 century Coca Cola had adopted this strategy but as of now it had to change. Another example like distilled water manufacturers did not differentiate the market according to needs which still they follow up in some parts of world (for eg. Asia or Africa). They have a common product for all. This strategy is also called as undifferentiated marketing. [Armstrong] Selective Marketing, involves aiming selected product for selected segment of market. This strategy of segmentation is followed for every pocket, purpose and personality. This market coverage strategy results in stronger segment position and higher sales, but note that it also results in increased costs of separate marketing, research, forecasting, promotion, planning, and channel management.[Armstrong] Niche marketing, also called ad concentrated marketing mainly focuses on large share of one or few segments or niche. This strategy mainly helps the organisation to reduce RD concentration areas and expenses as they are focusing on limited set of customers i.e. one . [Armstrong] [Jobber 283,2010] For example, visualize the mass marketing person as standing smack in the middle of a major league park. On the ground, in front of this person, is a large pile of various denominations of currency. The mass marketing person just set this pile of currency on fire. He wants to attract the attention of the seated spectators using the smoke from the burning currency. He has put out the word that smoke from burning currency will clear all eight sinus cavities. Since the ballpark is so huge, by the time the smoke reaches the parks perimeter, it will be severely diluted by the size of the park and the distance from the fire to the spectators. Although the spectators might know about its benefits, the area is so spread out that theyll hardly smell the smoke. The end result will be minimal unless a tremendous amount of currency is set on fire to produce much more smoke. On the other hand, I see a niche marketing person as someone who takes the same pile of dollar bills, goes over to a pre-determined section of the bleachers then sets his pile on fire. He knows, from prior research, that the crowds in that section of the bleachers are interested in clearing their sinuses. Because of the smaller area, they will also be able to strongly smell the burning currency. The niche marketer will have better results using the same amount of money because its impact is targeted.Whether its a baseball field, the printed media or the Internet the results will be the same. That is, its much easier to attract the attention of a smaller crowd that youve identified as being interested in what you have to offer. (Corporate author:http://marketing.about.com/cs/advertising/a/nichevsmass.htm) Positioningis mainly done to locate the product level in market place. This variable involves creating distinct market value by providing competitive advantage. Where is product to be launched, when is to be launched, how to be marketed. This can be done effectively and successfully by implementing strong marketing mix, in which involves providing product and services to customer with differential advantage. Providing additional features, valued images created by advertising, better distribution. [jobber p285,2010] Michelin has laid importance to targeting and positioning in valuable way. They have advertised them using their legendry brand ambassador BIBENDUMto reach their customers. Their advertisements empower their strengths for customer attraction. They have clearly aimed these advertisements to attract their customer who are more focused towards quality, product life, product performance and positive effects, product durability and reliability in weather conditions. MICHELIN products having tag lines on their advertisements as : LASTS UP TO 25% LONGER, ITS TIME TO FIGHT BACK FUEL EFFICIRNT TYRES, THE RIGHT TYRE CHANGES EVERYTHING, Hence, examples of tag lines incorporated by Michelin have added a brand value as well as competitive advantage in existing market.

The Glasgow Coma Scale Health And Social Care Essay

The Glasgow Coma Scale Health And Social Care Essay There are three types of cord syndromes related to spinal cord injury. These are the central cord syndrome, anterior cord syndrome, and brown-sequard syndrome or the lateral cord syndrome. The central cord syndrome is caused by injury or edema in the central cord usualy in the cervical area due to hyperextension injuries. This results to motor weakness of the upper extremities than the lower extremities. The anterior cord syndrome is caused by disk herniation or compression of the artery that runs along the front of the spinal cord. This causes loss of sensory, loss of pain and temperature but sensitivity to position and vibrations are preserved. The brown-sequard syndrome or lateral cord syndrome may be a result of penetrating injury in the spine or hemisection of the cord. This causes ipsilateral hemiplegia with loss of touch, pressure and vibration also contralateral pain and temperature sensation deficits. Discuss how the Glasgow Coma Scale is utilized in determining neurological status. The Glasgow coma scale is used widely in hospitals to give a reliable, objective way of recoding the level of consciousness of a patient. The GCS has three elements, the eye response, verbal response and motor response. Each has their own grades. For the eye response 4pts for open spontaneously, 3pts to open to non-verbal command, 2pts on open in response to pain and 1pt to no response. For verbal response 5pts for talking/oriented, 4pts for confused speech/disoriented, 3pts on inappropriate words, 2pts for incomprehensible sounds and 1pt for no response. Last for motor response 6pts for obey commands, 5pts to localizes to pain, 4pts for flexion/ withdrawal from painful stimuli, 3pts to flexion in response to pain, 2pts for extension in response to pain and 1pt to no response. 15pts is the perfect score and 3 as the lowest score which indicates that the patient is in deep coma. Discuss nursing interventions related to prevention of injury in the brain-injured patient. To prevent injury for patient that has brain injury the patient must be assessed to ensure adequate oxygenation and that the bladder is not distended. Dressings and casts mast be check for constriction. The side rails must be raised and padded to avoid falling. The bed must also be lowered. Reducing environmental stimuli and to have an adequate lighting. Minimize disturbances during sleep to provide adequate rest for the patient. Medications can be given as prescribed to prevent restlessness. For incontinence catheter can be used. Written assignment Identify risk factors for spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is an injury due to an unexpected accident. In short everyone can have a spinal cord injury. Still there are some risk factors. One risk factor is if you are engage in active sports or into jobs that requires lifting heavy loads. Another risk factor is for the people who are in the 16-30yrs of age because in these years people are active and many people at these age bracket is now driving and one of the leading cause of spinal cord injury is vehicular accidents. And if you have bone disorder like osteoporosis, this can cause spinal cord injury. List three clinical features of the patient with neurogenic shock. Neurogenic shock is caused by injury in the central nervous system that causes vasodilation as a result of loss of balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. This causes low blood pressure (hypotension), decrease heart rate (bradycardia), and reduce venous return which gives a dry, warm skin. Why is autonomic dysreflexia an acute emergency situation? Autonomic dysreflexia is the over activity of the autonomic nervous system. The nerve impulses that are being send to the brain are blocked by a lesion in the spinal cord (at the t-5 level or above) which causes the brain to increase activity of the sympathetic system that results to a rise in blood pressure. The heart then sends impulse to the brain that causes the heart to slow down and the blood vessels above the spinal injury to dilate. But the brain cannot send impulse below the level of injury due to the lesion therefore blood pressure cannot be regulated. This is an acute emergency situation because if not treated immediately this may lead to seizures, stroke and even death. Develop a matrix identifying concussion, contusion, and diffuse axonal injury. Identify clinical manifestations and associated diagnostic testing. Definition Clinical manifestation Diagnostic testing Concussion Injury to the brain that is a result from an impact to the head. Ranges from mild to severe concussion Mild concussion Slightly dazed Brief loss of consciousness Severe concussion Longer loss of consciousness Longer recovery time Other manifestations Nausea and vomiting Blurred vision Confusion Fatigue Short-term memory loss Neurological function tests CT scan Contusion Traumatic brain injury or bruising of the brain because of sever acceleration-deceleration force or blunt trauma Loss of consciousness Lack of motor coordination Memory problems CT scan MRI Diffuse axonal injury This is a diffuse brain injury cause by severe head traumas. As tissue slides over tissue, a shearing injury occurs. This causes the lesions that are responsible for unconsciousness, as well as the vegetative state that occurs after a severe head injury Lack of consciousness No lucid interval Immediate coma MRI CT scan EEG electroencephalogram Discuss the long-term rehabilitation needs of the spinal cord injured patient. Within a group, ask questions regarding nursing care in the rehabilitative phase. For patients who suffered spinal cord injury rehabilitation is needed to restore as much function to the patient. The patient must understand his condition and reduce assistance with activities and let the patient be independent to improve motor function and also to increase the patients self-esteem. Discuss nursing management for the head-injured patient related to nursing applicable nursing diagnoses. Ineffective airway clearance Assess the respiratory status Check the patency of the airway Ensure airway clearance Ineffective tissue perfusion (cerebral) Assess the visual, sensory and motor functions Note for headache, dizziness, altered mental status and personality changes Elevate HOB (10 degrees) and maintain head/neck in midline or neutral position to promote circulation and venous drainage Decrease intracranial adaptive capability Monitor patients neurological vital signs (GCS) Monitor ICP Assess the patients reflexes Decrease environmental stimuli Risk for injury Provide safe environment Raise side rails Lower bed Web output NURSING MANAGEMENT OF ADULTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY http://www.dvbic.org/images/pdfs/AANN08_TBIGuide_2-13-09_update.aspx Base on the study that I have read, the neuroscience nurse is the one who intervenes to maintain and manage intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patience with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The prevention of complications commonly associated with TBI is also involved in the management of care for TBI patients such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), hyperglycemia, and excessive protein loss. In maintaining or decreasing of ICP, this study recommended guidelines. First, an uncontrolled intracranial hypertension leads to an absence of cerebral perfusion and results in brain death thus, the recommended ICP according to the original Guidelines for the Management of Severe head Injury should be at less than 20mmHg (Bullock, Chestnut, Clifton, 1995), as stated in the study. Second, the draining of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -this decreases ICP. As stated in the study, according to the Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, the Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care (2000), the first step to reduce intracranial hypertension is through ventricular drainage. As early as 1960, Lund demonstrated that removal of CSF via ventriculostomy temporarily decreases ICP (Lund, 1960). Draining as little as 3ml of CSF was found to decrease ICP by 10.1% relative to the baseline value of 10 minutes in 58 patients with severe TBI (Kerr, Weber, Sereika, Wi lberger, Marion, 2001). Protocols for CSF diversion range from time- dependent (leave drainage open for 5 minutes, then close), CSF-volume-dependent (drain 5cc then close), to continuous drainage (open all the time, closed at intervals to obtain an accurate ICP reading). This is supported by Monroe- Kellie hypothesis stating that a normal ICP can be maintained as one component in the cranial compartment (brain, blood and CSF) increases as long as there is a corresponding decrease of another component- therefore, decrease of one component decreases ICP. Third is not inducing hyperventilation to decrease ICP. Hyperventilation was routinely used to manage severe TBI. Studies done in the 1990s demonstrated the vasoconstriction associated with hyperventilation also resulted in decrease cerebral blood flow (CBF), thus, it is recommended to maintain normocapnia in most patients with severe TBI (Brain Trauma Foundation et al., 2007). Fourth is administering sedation- it prevents ICP increa ses. A study of 17 patients with severe TBI found ICP was significantly higher and there was a significant decrease in CPP with endotracheal suctioning among patients who were inadequately sedated compared to those patients who were well- sedated with proforol (Gemma et al., 2002) According to the study, a randomized controlled trial of 42 patients with TBI found the use of Proforol (rather than morphine) resulted in significantly lower ICPs by post- injury day 3, with less use of neuromuscular blockers, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates and less CSF drainage was required ( Kelly et al., 1999). Fifth is administration of Mannitol is effective in decreasing ICP. Guidelines for Management of Severe TBI, 3rd Edition states, mannitol is effectice for control of raised ICP at doses of 0.25 gms/kg to 1.0 gm/kg body weight (Brain Trauma Foundation et al., 2007). The diuretic effect of mannitol can cause increase Na+ and serum osmolarity levels, this should be monitored at regular intervals . Mannitol is infused via IV bolus through a filter. Mannitol 20% contains 20g of mannitol in 100cc. 80% of 100g dose appears in the urine within 3 hrs. of infusion. Sixth is to elevate head of bed (HOB) 30 degrees to maintain or decrease ICP- this is thought to promote intracranial venous return and increase CSF drainage from the head, resulting in decreased ICP (Fan, 2004). Four controlled studies with sample sizes ranging from 5- 38 patients with severe TBI found significant decreases in ICP with HOB elevations of 30 degrees (Moraine, Berrà ©, and Mà ©lot, 2000; Ng, Lim, Wong, 2004; Schulz- Subner Thiex, 2006; Winkleman, 2000). Seventh is removing or loosening rigid cervical collars- according to the study, it may decrease ICP. These collars may hold back venous blood flow and cause pain and discomfort, elevating ICP. Eight is administering intensive insulin therapy- it may reduce ICP. Hyperglycemia is common in severe TBI and has a negative effect on outcome. A study was con ducted with a result of lower mean and minimal ICPs to those treated with intensive insulin therapy to maintain glucose levels lower than 110 mg/dl than in subjects treated with insulin only when their glucose levels exceeded 220 mg/dl. The ninth is maintenance of normothermia- it may prevent ICP increases. Hyperthermia is prevalent in the TBI population, as high as 68% within 72 hours of injury (Rumana, Gopinath, Uzura, Valadka, Robertson, 1998). There have been no long- term outcome studies in the effect of normothermia in TBI, but a study found an increase in brain temperature was associated with significant increase in ICP; as fever ebbed, there was significant decrease in ICP. In controversial treatments for refractory intracranial hypertension, first is the inducing of moderate hypothermia- it may decrease ICP in refractory intracranial hypertension. There are multiple human studies that have demonstrated decreased ICP with the induction of moderate hypothermia (33-36 degrees Celsius) in patients with severe TBI (Clifton, Miller et al., 2001; Marion, Obrist, carlier, Penrod, Darby, 1993; Polderman, Tjong Tjin, Peerdeman, Vandertop Girbes 2002; Tokutomi, Miyagi, Morimoto, karukay, Shigemori, 2004; Tokutomi et al., 2003). Second is admistering hypertonic saline. Third is the administration of high- dose barbiturates- are thought to suppress cerebral metabolism, reducing cerebral metabolic demand and cerebral blood volume. In maintaining adequate CPP or increasing CPP, first is maintaining CP b/w 50- 70mmHg- optimized cerebral perfusion (Brain Trauma Foundation et al., 2007). Second is administering norepinephrine, it may maintain adequate CPP or increase CPP. Third is elevating HOB 30 degrees- not only it increases venous drainage from head, it also can decrease perfusion. Fourth is CSF drainage- the decreasing volume of CSF decreases total intracranial volume. In preventing DVT, pharmacologic treatment may be safe for DVT prophylaxis. Agency for healthcare Research and Quality recommends use of prophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism for at- risk patients. In adequate nutrition, first initiating nutrition within 72 hours of injury- according to the study, it may improve outcomes. It is recommended that patients be fed so that full caloric requirements are met by post injury day 7 (Brain Trauma Foundation et al., 2007). Second is providing continuous intragastric feeding- it may improve tolerance. According to the study, continuous feeding was better tolerated and achieved 75% of nutritional goals faster than bolus feeding in 152 consecutive patients admitted to neurosurgical intensive care units (20% of whom had sustained severe TBI; Rhoney, Parker, Formean, yap, Coplin, 2002). In preventing seizures, administering antiepileptic drugs decreases incidence of early posttraumatic seizures. Guidelines for the Management of Severe TBI, 3rd Edition recommends the use of anticonvulsants to decrease the incidence of post traumatic seizure within the fisrt 7 days of injury when the brain is particularly vulnerable to secondary injury- involves multiple metabolic mechanisms that result from interruption of blood flow and oxygen to undamaged cells, producing anaerobic metabolism, inadequate synthesis of ATP, or cellular acidosis. Then continuous EEG monitoring has been used to identify a 20% seizure incidence with 50% of patients identified as non-convulsive (Vespa Nuwer, 2000) Reference: Nursing Management of Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, AANN Clinical Practice Guidelines Series

Death Penalty - Justified Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Death Penalty - Justified There are many problems facing our criminal justice system today. Some of the more important ones are overcrowded jails, the increasing murder rate, and keeping tax payers content. In light of these problems, I think the death penalty is our best and most reasonable solution because it is a highly effective deterrent to murder. And, tax payers would be pleased to know that their hard-earned tax dollars are not being wasted on supporting incorrigible criminals who are menaces to society. In addition, they would not be forced to fund the development of new penitentiaries in order to make room for the growing number of inmates in our already overcrowded jails. Moreover, the death penalty would serve to curb the growth of future crimes and consequently the number of inmates would also be reduced. Thus, overcrowding in federal and state penitentiaries would be eliminated. In this essay, I will discuss these ideas and prove why capital punishment is the best viable solutio n to the problems plaguing our criminal justice system. Capital punishment could solve our problem with the increasing murder rate because it serves a highly effective deterrent. â€Å"The death penalty deters murder by putting the fear of death into would be killers. A person is less likely to do something, if he or she thinks that harm will come to him† (Studyworld 1). This fear of death is the key to reducing the murder rate. Frank G. Carrington informs us that Louis Joseph Turck..., an ex-convict with a felony record dating from 1941, was arrested May 20, 1961 for robbery. He had used guns in prior robberies in other states but only pretended to be carrying a gun in the robbery here [Cal... ...ng tax payers, and the other problems facing out criminal justice system. As we have seen, it can serve as a deterrent and reduce the murder rate. In addition, the death penalty would fee up space in overcrowded state and federal prisons. Moreover, it satisfies tax payers because it requires less tax money and can eliminate the need for additional prisons. Hence, capital punishment should be instituted everywhere. Works Consulted â€Å"Benefits of Capital Punishment.† Studyworld. 20 Nov. 2002 . Carrington, Frank G. Neither Cruel nor Unusual. New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1978. Jacobs, Nancy R, Alison Landers, and Mark A. Siegel, eds. Capital Punishment - Cruel and Unusual?. 1979-1996. 7th ed. Texas: Information Plus, 1996.

Macbeth :: Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Within the pages of the play Macbeth, one can find the five distinct literary devices of symbolism, allusion, alliteration, personification, and repetition used throughout. These three devices aid the story along and help develop the plot and characters each in a different way. With the use of symbolism, or the practice of representing things by means of symbols that give significance to objects (The Free Dictionary 2011), events, or relationships, one can see that this device helps the overall plot and development of characters by showing the significance of emotions, such as guilt, by the players. Symbolism brings a lot to the overall work as it gives the readers a deeper look into the emotions brought up in the play, helps the reader associate symbols to actual meanings, and gives the story a kind of depth that would not be there without. One quotation that shows the use of symbolism is by Lady Macbeth, â€Å"Out, damned spot! Out, I say†¦Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?† (Act 5, Scene 1, lines 30-34) (Sparknotes 2011). This quote shows the imagined blood on Lady Macbeth’s hands as the symbol of the guilt and remorse, as well as fright, that she feels over all the deaths that have been implemented by her in the play. Lady cannot get rid of the blood which is a symbol for how she cannot get the deaths out of her consciousness. Allusion, or a passing reference to something in the Bible, history, or literature, is used in the play as a way of letting the reader and audience gain depth into the story and overall it helps the actors get the meaning they are trying to convey across to the audience. One quotation that shows the use of allusion is by Malcolm, â€Å"Angels are bright still, though the brightest fell.† (Act 4, Scene 3, line 23) (Sparknotes 2011). This quote is a biblical allusion that refers to the angel Lucifer’s fall from grace. In the context of the play, the quotes is in reference to Macbeth and how even though everything that is evil tries to present itself as good, there will always be a flaw and evil will never prevail. Alliteration, or the repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables (The Free Dictionary 2011), is used in the play Macbeth to get an actor’s point across in a powerful and intense fashion.

Why Might Economic Growth Not Always Be A Good Thing? :: Economics

Why Might Economic Growth Not Always Be A Good Thing? When a country undertakes the challenge of economic growth, it does it for a number of reasons, but possibly the most important of these is to satisfy its population. At the end of the Second World War, South Korea wanted to grow economically in order to escape their predominantly farming lifestyles and to experience all of the benefits of consumerism. But instead what South Koreaand many other developing economies find themselves left with is far from their idealistic dreams. Growth is not always something to be welcome for the vast majority of economically growing countries and can have devestating effects. The problems we see today is endless. From the smallest microcosm to the entire earth, economic growth and waste is slowly destroying everything around us. As members of an industrialised society the effects are all too apparent. And in general, the destroying of the landscape and the pollution of air and water decrease our ability to enjoy the "real" amenities of life, thus questioning the accepted opinion that materialism brings more to our daily lives than for example, the life of someone in a pristine and enjoyable natural environment. As I sit here writing this essay, in front of me lie vast swathes of land ripped wide open, and in their place, concrete sits. To the growing economies of the world, we must pose one question and one question alone - Is this what you really want? Socially, one might argue that perhaps, economic growth might be a good thing. All of the stereos, holidays, mobile phones and apartments, some might say bring "enjoyment". But with this massive growth often society "wants" are often created faster than the industrial machine can satisfy them, leading to a continual, bitter desire that always rises beyond what can satisfy it. Human nature dictates this. I will not stop and be satisfied with my Jaguar, my Rolls Royce and my BMW - no, now I want a Mercedes. This leaves people often dissatisfied than before, when consumerism had been given a lower value. Today, in our "advanced" society, consumption exists not to satisfy consumer wants, but merely to justify production. Not only this, but also the demands of high economic growth and consumerism also place a huge toll on the cogs of the industrial machine, the workers. Why do some many people take depressants and commit suicide in developed nations if they are really enjoying the "real" amenities of life? The stress and high-paced lifestyle is not always what people in less developed countries or even in developed countries would necessarily want. So far, I have merely dealt with the problems that countries that have

Poetry Essay Essay

The three poems Remember written by Christina Rossetti, A Mother In A Refugee Camp by Chinua Achebe and Poem at Thirty-Nine by Alice Walker share the same negative theme of loss and separation. Remember explores the pain felt by losing loved ones. A Mother In A Refugee Camp emphasizes the relationship between a mother and her child living in a refugee camp. Poem at thirty nine is a poem about the reminiscences of a loved one. Remember expresses the pain in losing and letting go of a loved one. This is shown through the techniques of imperatives and contrasts. The first few words said by the speaker is â€Å"remember me†. This quote is very effective in expressing the personas demanding tone. The technique used is an imperative. This quote can have multiple interpretations as the speaker can be seen to be speaking in a selfish tone or in a concerned tone. In this sonnet the lover is addressed directly. The word ‘remember’ is repeated several times, this shows that there is a sense of fear the speaker holds that their lover might forget them too quickly. This word gives the effect of there being a separation between two lovers. The title itself consists of this word which shows the power of the word and the entire poem. The speaker at first appeals to her lover to remember her after death, but as the poem progresses she dispels her selfishness. The poem unfold as the word ‘remember’ is used the reader understands that there is separation between two lovers. The reason of the separation becomes more clear when â€Å"gone far away† is repeated. This quote conveys the concept of death. The speakers sorrow is stressed by the reappearance of the words ‘gone away’. All sonnets are known to have a change in tone within them ; this sonnet has a change in tone from negative to positive. In the two quatrains the speaker repeats the word â€Å"remember†, but the speaker uses the reiteration of the word â€Å"forget† towards the end. This supports the change of tone, she changes her tone from talking only about herself to caring about the person in front of her. Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare is similar to the sonnet Remember as in both poems love is believed to be constant even after death. Shakespeare and Rossetti both use the form of sonnets. The themes of loss and separation are conveyed through the constant repetition and steady tone. In Remember, the speaker rejects her selfish desires and considers that it would be better to â€Å"forget and smile† rather than to â€Å"Remember and be sad†. This shows the contrast between speaker being selfish to being selfless. In this quote she confirms that she doesn’t want her lover to feel hurt in her absence. The speaker mentions to â€Å"hold me by the hand†, this demonstrates the clear and distinct relationship between the two lovers. This quote uses the technique of alliteration, of the letter h, this is a soft sound which shows the gentleness in their relationship. Monosyllable words don’t flow well with other words and Christina Rossetti used monosyllable words to reflect upon the upset and disjointed mind she has. is quote shows the intimacy of their relationship. It also had the connotations of not letting go of something, the speaker wants her lover to keep hold of her. This is a gesture that occurs between two lovers which reveals that the speaker is in fact talking to her loved one. The structured poem constantly revealed the love the speaker felt for her partner. Christina Rossetti had written this poem during the Victorian era, this was when the poems were more structured. The sonnet created the effect of the speaker revealing her feelings and letting her emotions out. Christina Rossetti may have chosen to write this poem because she had also lost the one she loved. In Remember the themes of loss and separation are constantly explored . A Mother in a refugee camp. The title says it all, it is a poem about a mother in a refugee camp, but it also shows how a mother tragically loses her child. The mother in this poem will â€Å"soon have to forget† her child, this foreshadows her child dying and shows that she would have to forget her child. This quote uses the technique of euphemism to create a callous image of her loss. The word ‘soon’ gives the reader a sense of time, it creates the effect of death is yet to come upon the child. Throughout this poem poignant imagery is used successfully, this creates sympathy for the mother and her child. The mother described in this poem was unlike any other mother, she appeared to be weary and worn-out yet she wasn’t prepared lose her child. The mother had uncovered a â€Å"ghost-smile† and the poet had used an oxymoron to show this. This technique was effective in showing that she held a remnant of her smile. The metaphor used could have two possible meanings: she is either happy that she is still with her child but her smile is faint due to her exhaustion or she holds a fake smile just to keep a smile on her child’s face. The mother appears to maintain her pride as she combs the â€Å"rust colored hair† on her delicate child’s head. The ‘rust’ colour symbolizes dried up blood, the colour is also related The condition of the hair seems to indicate that the child is suffering from diseases and is rapidly aging. The child is exposed to the weather, and less hygienic areas. The child’s health lead to his death, and the loss of a loving mother’s child. In A Mother in a refugee camp, the poet vividly describes many children experiencing â€Å"blown empty bellies† this oxymoron effectively creates an image of children starving yet having blown bellies due to diseases developing. This quote had connotations of starvation and malnutrition which later on lead to death . The mother in this poem is again compared to regular mothers as instead of cherishing the small thing’s in life she visits her child at a â€Å"tiny grave†. The poet has again used poignant imagery effectively, juxta position is used as the words ‘tiny’ and ‘grave’ are unusually put together. The word ‘tiny’ is used to show that her child was young and small. Another poem that shares the theme of separation and letting a loved one go is Do not go gentle written by Dylan Thomas. A Mother In A Refugee Camp is all one stanza, which mirrors the mother revealing a stream of feelings. The poet Chinua Achebe, is a U. N ambassador. While he was writing the poem he might have referred to the time he had visited some refugee camps, and had seen the conditions. He believes that any mother in a refugee camp can give better than the best type of love that exists. This poem was largely influenced by the negative theme of loss and separation, between a mother and her child. Poem at thirty nine, is based on how a daughter looks back on her memories with her father. The speakers father was close to dying â€Å"before the end† has the connotations of death, and her father standing before it. This quote has effectively used the technique of euphemism, it shows the separation that will be caused because of the death of her father. This quote is the first time she shows a sign of loss and regret. In the first few stanzas is the description of the speakers father, she had mainly remembered him guiding her life. He had â€Å"taught† her many things. This word was repeated often in the first section of this poem. This reveals the relationship between the speaker and her parent. This poem shows more of a teacher student relationship rather than one between a father and his daughter. The word ‘taught’ showed that the speaker considered her father to be a role model, and this quote convey the significance of his role. When writing this poem Alice Walker may have been inspired by the death of her own father. She had expressed her feelings and emotions into this poem, and explores the theme of loss from her own experience. The free verse structure follows the train of thoughts. The speaker in poem at thirty nine had been separated from her father due to his death yet she carried on adapting to her life even after her loss. In poem at thirty nine , the speaker uses a simile to describe her father as being care free when she says â€Å"he cooked like a person dancing†. This quote creates an image of her father being more spontaneous just like her. The poet uses enjambment to effectively maintain a trail of memories, the remembrance of her father once she had lost him was further inserted using this technique. Compared to her past she has become more light hearted â€Å"Seasoning none of my life the same way twice† . This quote has revealed the persona to be spontaneous which contrasts with her father as she is shown to be more diverse compared to her father being tedious. This extract once again refers to cooking. The way her father had brought her up made her more unpredictable, the lack on structure in the stanza mirrors the atmosphere. The cooking could be a symbol of independence, her ability to strive even without her father. Piano written by D. H Lawrence, is another poem that shares the theme of nostalgia. Both poems demonstrate a reflection upon the speakers childhood. The poet had used comparison between â€Å"grieved† and â€Å"admire† which was what the persona believed her father would have thought of her in the past and at the present time. This difference shows the adjustment in tone from the beginning of the poem when the tone was more negative and the end where the tone changed to be more positive as she started using words like admire. she had thought her father would be disappointed with her, but towards the end she thought she would have been admired. In this poem a daughter had lost her father and the theme of this loss was continuously supported throughout the poem. In conclusion, all 3 poems share the theme of Loss and separation. Remember emphasizes the loss in relationships, and that grief will undoubtedly come with the loss of a loved one. The speakers quality of writing is shown in her other pieces. A mother in refugee camp explores the theme of loss in a perspective a mother losing her child. Poem at thirty nine describes the relationship between a daughter and her father, that had met his death. The poet shows how the speaker remembered and admired her father in various ways. All of the poems stress the inevitability of loss and separation in all relationships.

Factors Affecting Health Essay

Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Ageing population Youthful population Dependency Ratio www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Youthful Population – a population with a very high proportion of young people under the age of 15 Fold along here Dependency Ratio – the ratio between economically and noneconomically active population – normally expressed as a % www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION What is meant by the term ‘dependent population’? Yr 10 – Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Fold along here The people who are not working and are therefore dependent on the economically active population (ages 0-14 and 65+) www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Define the term Infant Mortality. The number of infants dying before the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year Fold along here Yr 10 – Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Population Distribution – how a population is spread out over an area Population Density – the number of people living in a given area 2 (people per km ) Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Population Distribution Population Density Population Explosion www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Population Explosion – a very rapid increase in population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION What does DTM stand for and what is it used to show? DTM stands for The Demographic Transition Model – this is a model showing population change over time in relation to changing birth and death rates and the consequent change in overall population Fold along here Yr 10 – Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Natural Decrease – the fall in population caused by deaths exceeding births. Natural Increase – the rise in population caused by births exceeding deaths Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Natural Decrease Natural Increase Depopulation www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Depopulation – a decline in the numbers of people living in an area due to out-migration or changes in birth and death rates. www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Population Growth Rate – the increase in population over a year – normally expressed as a % Population Structure – the age and sex composition of a population Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Population Growth Rate Population Structure Population Pyramids www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Population Pyramid – a diagram used to show the age and sex of a population (also known as age-sex pyramids) www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Name the following case studies: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · A case study to show the consequences of an ageing population A case study to show the consequences of a youthful population A comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com A case study to show the consequences of an ageing population – UK – East Devon (Torbay) A case study to show the consequences of a youthful population – The Gambia (Africa) Fold along here A comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC – Philippines, Brazil & Germany www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Name the following case studies: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · A case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate An example of a densely populated area of the UK A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Fold along here ï‚ · Yr 10 – Population A case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate – China’s One Child Policy An example of a densely populated area in the UK – London and the South East A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) – Singapore’s â€Å"3 or more Policy† An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK – Scottish Highlands www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION The world’s population is unevenly distributed Some areas have a high population density eg, Asia / 2 Europe (75+people/km ) Other areas of the world have a low population density 2 e.g. Canada/Greenland and Russia (